http://hdl.handle.net/10197/2853 2017-10-31T11:02:57Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8773 Introduction to volume 1 & 2: Pidgin and Creole Genesis and Typology Farquharson, Joseph T.; Migge, Bettina Ever since Pidgins and Creoles (P/Cs) came to scholarly attention in the nineteenth century, questions about how they developed and how they compare with other languages have dominated research and debates. This interest has resulted in several theories that try to account for the linguistic and extra - linguistic mechanisms that gave rise to these contact languages, and work that aims to demonstrate the relationships between P/Cs. 2017-05-24T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8772 Volume 3: Sociolinguistics and/of Pidgins and Creoles Farquharson, Joseph T.; Migge, Bettina There are multiple connections between Pidgins and Creoles (P/Cs) and sociolinguistics. They reflect the very nature of their inception as well as the fact pointed out by Rickford (1988), that many of the early and current researchers who have worked on P/Cs are also sociolinguists and have applied sociolinguistic methods and approaches to the study of P/Cs. 2017-05-24T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8771 Volume 4: Pidgins and Creoles and Applied Linguistics Farquharson, Joseph T.; Migge, Bettina Applied Linguistics research involving P/Cs has a long tradition (cf. Siegel 2002), but as in the case of other areas of research it tends to not be equally vibrant in all geographical contexts. The instrumentalization of P/Cs in primary and secondary education and language planning probably have the longest and richest research tradition. However, in recent years, research on other aspects of public life such as human rights, law enforcement, the use of P/Cs in the media (see volume 3), language preservation and documentation have been gaining in importance. 2017-05-24T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8689 The Spectatorial Gaze: Viewer-Voyeur Dynamics in Book Illustrations of Diderot's 'La Religieuse' Pierse, Síofra This article analyses the manner in which Diderot's novel La Religieuse (1796) has been interpreted in book illustration. There has long been an assumption that Jean-François Le Barbier was the first illustrator of La Religieuse, whereas this article posits that a number of significant artists preceded him: an anonymous artist (1796), the designer P. J. Challiou (1797) and another unknown illustrator (1797). This analytical investigation is followed by an overview of viewer–voyeur trends in the subsequent illustration of La Religieuse, suggesting that core representation dilemmas, together with the interpretative strategies adopted, vary remarkably little across more than two centuries of reception and illustration. 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8676 Epilogue: of theories, typology and empirical data Migge, Bettina This book examines the place of creoles from a typological perspective using modern phylogenetic modeling tools. Exploring the similarities and differences that exist among creoles and between creoles and their input languages, the authors aim to generate new insights into persistent and at times hotly debated topics such as creole genesis and the relationships among creoles and between creoles and other languages, most specifically their input languages. 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8674 Support, transmission, education and target varieties in the Celtic languages: an overview Ó Murchadha, Noel P.; Migge, Bettina When we talk of the modern Celtic languages today we refer to the Insular Celtic varieties that have maintained (or indeed regained) a degree of their linguistic vitality and that are practised, to varying extents and in various forms, by users of the Breton, Cornish, Irish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh languages. Further to their common linguistic derivation, the Celtic languages share a number of additional characteristics that lend themselves well to a common analytical framework (features that they indeed share with many other ‘small’ languages). Each of the languages has, for a long time, been functioning in a bilingual, if not multilingual, environment. Consequently, in global terms, each of the languages is reliant on a relatively small pool of speakers for their survival. Perhaps unsurprisingly for those familiar with the dynamics of minority languages, then, language maintenance, revitalisation and revival projects have been among of the hallmarks of the Celtic-language experience for some time. This speaks to a familiar appetite among at least some users, as well as non-users, to go against the grain of language loss and to try to ensure that the Celtic languages are used into the future despite an extremely challenging climate. 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8629 Revolutionaries, Rebels and Robbers: The Golden Age of Banditry in Mexico, Latin America and the Chicano-American Southwest, 1850-1950 Baker, Pascale A man on a horse, glaring into the midday sun, bandana around his face and a gun strapped to his side: is this the picture of a villain or a hero, a criminal or a 'social bandit', a fighter for the people? Revolutionaries, Rebels and Robbers delivers a comprehensive study of banditry in Latin America, studying both the actual practices and effects of banditry as well as its representation in books, film, and other media. Examining banditry in Mexico, the Hispanic US Southwest, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, and Cuba, and making use of tools from Latin American and Hispanic studies, film studies, visual studies, and legal and social history, this book offers the most detailed and wide-ranging study of its kind presently available. 2015-11-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8034 Creole formation as Language Contact: The case of the Suriname Creoles Migge, Bettina The aim of the present study is twofold: First, it discusses the formation of radical creoles based on an examination of creole formation in Suriname. The discussion focuses on investigating and illustrating the processes and mechanisms involved in the formation of radical creoles and on determining the nature of the resulting strctures. Second, based on the findings, the study critically evaluates the tenets of the main current theories of creole formation. The investigation suggests that the main inputs to the formation of the predecessor(s) of the modern creoles of Suriname were the range of creole varieties, L2 and pidgin varieties of English (and Portuguese) spoken by the early plantation population and the native African languages of the slaves who arrived during Suriname’s transition to sugar monoculture. The processes and mechanisms that played a role in its formation were similar to those observed in cases of L2 acquisition. 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/8009 Language and colonialism: Applied linguistics in the context of creole communities Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle The literature on colonialism tends to focus on Europe’s economic exploitation of many regions and peoples around the world and Europeans’ use of excessive force towards the latter. While these issues are undoubtedly of great importance, it is equally important to understand the cultural and specifically the linguistic and discursive practices that came to be associated with European colonial rule. These practices played an instrumental role in assigning low prestige to non-European languages and cultures, including cultural and linguistic forms that emerged due to Europe’s colonial expansion, and in establishing the superiority of the coloniser’s language and culture . 2008-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7912 Putting Matawai on the Surinamese Linguistic Map Migge, Bettina The creoles of Suriname have figured prominently in research on creole languages. However, one variety, Matawai, has to date remained completely unresearched. This paper attempts to address this lacuna. It discusses its history and selected areas of grammar in order to assess the place of Matawai among its sister languages and its development. The linguistic analysis draws on recordings from 2013 and the 1970s. The paper provides evidence to support the view that Matawai is most closely related to Saamaka. However, there are also features that are unique to Matawai and those that appear to be due to either patterns of language contact with the other creoles of Suriname or common inheritance. The paper argues that systematic corpus-based analysis of lesser-used varieties provides new insights into existing debates. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7775 Des livres d’entrées? Vers une poétique de récit de voyage dans les relations d’entrées de Puget de la Serre Conroy, Derval Dans les pages qui suivent, nous aimerions démontrer que les récits peu étudiés de La Serre se situent à un carrefour de genres entre le récit de voyage et la relation d’entrée. Loin de n’être « guère passionants », ils constituent, au contraire, un exemple fort intéressant de la nature polymorphe des récits de voyage à l’époque et illustrent la façon dont La Serre s’approprie divers discours pour glorifier la reine. Cet article ne vise pas à faire une analyse historique des entrées de Marie de Médicis, ni à analyser le décalage entre la version de La Serre et la ‘réalité’ des événements (dans la mesure où nous ne pouvons parler d’une seule ‘réalité’ à propos d’ un cérémonial aussi construit qu’une entrée royale peut l’être). L’approche adoptée est essentiellement littéraire : nous aimerions étudier comment plusieurs éléments communs aux trois textes de La Serre – certains assez typiques des livres d’entrées, d’au tres plutôt étrangers au genre – peuvent être perçus comme les traits d’une poétique du récit de voyage. C’est dans cette optique que nous espérons apporter une contribution nouvelle aux travaux de plus en plus nombreux sur les entrées royales 2009-04-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7774 The displacement of disorder: gynæcocracy and friendship in Catherine Bernard’s Laodamie (1689) Conroy, Derval It should come as no surprise that the world of Catherine Bernard’s tragedies is one of disorder: theatre is after all, as d’Aubignac tells us, ‘[là] où règne le Démon de l’inquiétude, du trouble et du désordre’. Disorder is a characteristic of the genre; it is a state of affairs rectified by the dénouement , ensuring that the spectators depart, in the words of Corneille, ‘l’esprit en repos’. Bernard’s play Lao damie might appear at first glance, within the framework of a traditional patriarchal paradigm, to provide the perfect recipe for disorder: firstly the sovereign ruler is a woman, and secondly both she and her sister are in love with the same man. However, it soon becomes apparent that the focus of that disorder is displaced away from where we might expect to see it. The aim of this article is to analyse this displacement of disorder as it manifests itself in the inextricably linked public and private spher es. Such an analysis will enable us to evaluate the innovations central to this neglected, once highly successful, tragedy. 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7702 Review: Williams Jeffrey P, Schneider Edgar W, Peter Trudgill and Daniel Schreier (eds.). Further Studies in the Lesser-Known Varieties of English (Studies in English Language). Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press Migge, Bettina Varieties of English do not typically figure in language documentation efforts, but research on them follows the broad goals of descriptive linguistics. The editors of the present volume, for instance, justify their focus on so-called lesser-known varieties by arguing that they might provide new "insights into larger questions in linguistics and sociolinguistics" (p. 1). Instead of discussing the precise nature of these insights, the editors tend towards questions of definition though. They propose eight characteristics to define the term lesser-known varieties of English and to justify juxtaposing descriptions of thirteen varieties of English from three broad regions – Europe, Americas, Asia and Pacific – in a single volume. Some criteria refer to broadly linguistic matters (linguistic distinctiveness, emergence from contact), others to sociolinguistic issues (important local means of communication, association with a stable speaker community, speakers as minorities, identity function, endangered status), and yet others are historical in nature (emergence from settler communities, adoption by emerging communities with substantial British inputs). 2016-02-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7701 On the emergence of new language varieties: The case of the Eastern Maroon Creole in French Guiana Migge, Bettina It then appears that Creoles, like other languages, have considerable internal complexity. This complexity seems to have emerged due to different kinds of processes of contact. However, to date little is known about the sociolinguistic structure of any one Creole and the social and linguistic processes that contributed to its emergence and maintenance. The aim of this paper is to investigate these issues in relation to the Eastern Maroon Creoles (EMCs) of Suriname and French Guiana. The discussion suggests that contrary to common assumptions, the speakers of these Creoles traditionally recognize a range of social and regional or ethnic varieties. In addition, new varieties and practices continue to emerge most likely spurred by the social changes that have been affecting these communities in the last 30 years. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7700 Tracing the origin of modality in the creoles of Suriname Migge, Bettina The present paper attempts to shed light on the origin of creole TMA systems by investigating the emergence of two subsystems of modality in the creoles of Suriname. The investigation is based on a comparative linguistic analysis of modality in three maroon creoles and six Gbe varieties, and on a preliminary investigation of early historical documents (Goury 2003). The aim is to determine the role of the Gbe languages in the formation of these creol es and to show how input from both European and African sources, aided by universal principles of contact - induced change and language - internal change, shaped the grammar of these creoles. The paper suggests that many aspects of the creole modality system h ave their source in Gbe languages. At the same time, it is clear that they are in no way exact (or in some cases even close) replicas of the Gbe modality systems. 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7699 Politeness and face in Caribbean Creoles: an overview Migge, Bettina; Mühleisen, Susanne The present volume attempts to make a contribution towards highlighting the importance of communicative practices in the Caribbean context by exploring politeness issues in a number of different Caribbean Creole communities (e.g. Suriname, Guyana, Guadeloupe, Barbados, Trinidad, Jamaica) and across communities in the region. We decided to focus on one particular region rather than on creole communities in general for a number of reasons. 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7387 Le rôle des langues africaines dans la création et le développement des langues businenge/marron Migge, Bettina This paper discusses the role of the African languages spoken by the creators of the creoles of Suriname/French Guiana. Based on socio-historical data, I show that the Gbe and Kikongo group of languages played an important role in their formation. While there are few direct lexical borrowings, a great number of content and function words in Nenge(e) are semantically similar to their counterparts in Gbe. 2015-10-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7367 Review: Allsopp, J. & Jennings, Z. (eds.) Language Education in the Caribbean: Selected Articles by Dennis Craig. Jamaica, Barbados & Trinidad and Tobago: University of the West Indies Press Migge, Bettina Language Education in the Caribbean opens with a preface highlighting Craig’s proactive social engagement through a discussion of his popular Viewpoint columns written for the Guyana Broadcasting Company and an introduction outlining the main concerns of his academic publications. It then reprints four of his articles dealing with the socio-linguistic context of the English-official Caribbean and four focusing on effective teaching and learning policies and approaches for this context. With respect to the first issue, Craig echoes the creole continuum perspective and argues that the English-official Caribbean is characterized by variation between Standard English and local creoles resulting from creole speakers’ “striving for social status through English” (p. 17) and inappropriate teaching methods. This has given rise to a third system, the “interaction area” (p. 17) or the mesolect(s); children from creole dominant homes mistakenly equate it with English and thus face problems in school where Standard English norms are enforced. Craig argues that all three varieties share the same conceptual base but make use of different grammatical principles and lexical forms to express it. The creole and creole-influenced varieties (or mesolects) mostly share the same grammar and mainly differ on the lexical level. Thus shifting simply entails substituting English-like lexical forms for creole ones. However, since there are significant structural differences between the creole and English forms, acquisition of English requires learning of a set of new procedures, rules, and principles. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7365 Review: Muysken, P. and Smith, N. (eds.) Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Migge, Bettina Creole genesis has occupied pride of place in research on creole languages, and both the creoles of Suriname and investigations into the survivals from African languages have figured prominently in these lively debates. So why another book? The contributors’ original motivation was to rehabilitate the substrate hypothesis of creole genesis because they felt that it had received “an unnecessarily bad press” (p. 11), mostly due to problematic research practice. Three goals guided the research program that culminated in this edited volume. First, drawing on research from a variety of perspectives and research agendas, the book aims to bring new evidence to existing controversies about cross-linguistic effects. Second, it explores alternatives to the classic relexification scenario. Third, in conceptualizing the creoles of Suriname and the Gbe languages of Benin as “a Trans-Atlantic area or Sprachbund” (p. 8), it contributes to current research about linguistic areas. The team posits that Africanisms were the result of adstratal, rather than substratal influence because the initial formation of creoles took place rapidly and was followed by a prolonged process of bilingualism. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6637 'El cazador-cazador' As Green Hunter and Renovator of Poetics in the Work of Miguel Delibes Squires, Jeremy S.‏ The novelist Miguel Delibes (1920-2010) was both a passionate small-game hunter, who wrote several books on the subject during his lifetime, and a staunch ecologist. This article gives an analysis which reconciles hunting and biocentrism in his work and further probes the relation between the author's hunting books and his fiction. Beginning with a review of the history and culture of hunting in Spain, it emerges that Delibes applies an extremely strict definition to real hunting (la caza-caza), which he regards as a form of low-impact subsistence or self-provisioning and therefore ethically superior to stock farming. Additionally, the hunter identifies with animality and thereby overcomes the modern sense of apartness from nature. The article notes the stylistic affinities between Delibes' hunting books and his novels, beginning with Diario de un cazador (1955) - particularly their non-standard literary representations of nature - and suggests that the author renovated his fiction from the 1950s onwards by redeploying techniques he had first developed in the hunting books. Unconventional literary techniques figure prominently in this crossover. 2014-02-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6587 A Note on the Chueta Figure in Ana María Matute's Primera memoria Squires, Jeremy S.‏ The lyricism of Ana María Matute’s prose has sometimes obscured what Janet Pérez has rightly called her "determined sociopolitical engagement". A one-time member of the Turia group, which included the young Juan Goytisolo, she has been associated with other practitioners of the novela social, albeit often with certain reservations. However, such reservations may in part be due to the fact that what has gone unappreciated in Matute’s engagement (besides, as Pérez notes, its determined intent) is its subtlety. Her use of the chueta figure in Primera memoria, for instance, is both understated yet fundamental. 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6556 Grammaire du nengee : Introduction aux langues aluku, ndjuka et pamaka Goury, Laurence; Migge, Bettina Les populations businenge, ou Noirs Marrons, sont de plus en plus nombreuses et jouent un rôle de plus en plus important dans la société guyanaise. Depuis plusieurs années déjà, le besoin de mieux connaître les langues et les cultures businenge s'exprime de façon pressante, à l'extérieur comme à l'intérieur des communautés. Nous avons cependant essayé de donner quelques clés qui faciliteraient la compréhension du nenge(e). En fait, ce livre est avant tout une base linguistique pour qui veut connaître la grammaire de cette langue, ou encore pour les enseignants qui souhaitent en savoir plus sur la langue de leurs élèves. Les différentes parties de la langue sont décrites de façon précise, même si nous ne prétendons pas en 200 pages décrire toutes les formes de variation qui peuvent exister. --- The Bushinengue (or Maroon) people are steadily increasing in numbers and play an ever more important role in Guyanese society. A crucial need to understand Bushinengue languages and cultures has been evident for many years, both from within and from outside these communities. We have thus attempted to provide several keys that will facilitate the comprehension of Nenge(e). This book is above all a foundational linguistic linguistic text for those who want to know the grammar of the language, and indeed for teachers who wish to know more about the language of their own students. The different parts of speech are described precisely, though we do not make any claims to have detailed in a book of 200 pages every possible form of variation that may exist. 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6538 Orphanhood as Genesis in Miguel Delibes’s La sombra del ciprés es alargada Squires, Jeremy S.‏ Miguel Delibes's La sombra del ciprés es alargada (1948) has been read as a Catholic novel (Hart 1990), a demythifying novel (Agawu-Kakraba 1996) and an existentialist novel (Buckley 2012). These interpretations share a common focus on the young protagonist's obsession with death and on the malign influence of the doctrine of non-involvement (desasimiento), as propounded by the protagonist's teacher. However, this article contends that the genesis of the youth's angst is unresolved mourning related to orphanhood. The novel conveys this cryptically by various means: the doubling of the protagonist's identity thanks to his intense friendship with a fellow pupil, biophilic resonances and the self-subversive quality of the first-person narrative technique. Like Carmen Laforet's Nada (1944), Delibes's debut novel may thus be termed a work of inter-generational trauma. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6452 Functions and uses of now in the speech of newcomers to Ireland Migge, Bettina The last roughly twenty years have seen a steady rise in research on varieties of English as spoken in Ireland. One line of research that has been particularly fruitful is the corpus-based investigation of pragmatic aspects of varieties of Irish English. While early work in this area dealt with hedging phenomena, more recent research has explored a range of issues such as politeness strategies and relational work in different interactional contexts, the uses, meanings and functions of silence and mitigation, vocatives, different types of questions and discourse markers. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6363 Distributing roots: Listemes across components in Distributed Morphology Acquaviva, Paolo One of the merits of the target article is to bring into sharp focus some of the fundamental issues that a syntax-based approach raises about knowledge of language and knowledge of the primitive elements in the various linguistic interfaces. Questions about roots, then, amount to questions on what a syntax-based model of grammar like DM has to say about lexical knowledge. The comments that follow centre on two such issues: the relations between the lists into which DM distributes lexical knowledge, and the nature of roots as morphological objects. 2014-10-04T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6362 The categories of Modern Irish verbal inflection Acquaviva, Paolo This paper sets out to identify the categories underlying Irish verbal inflection and to explain why they have their observed morphological and semantic properties. Assuming that the semantic range of a tense is a function of the whole clause, it derives the tenses of Irish from three syntactic features. Their basic value and position in the clause, along with that of other independently justified formatives, determines the attested range of interpretations for each tense, while the way they are spelled out determines the observed morphological patterns. Since the analysis of verbal categories is based on their syntactic realization, the same explanation accounts for the paradigmatic structure of Irish conjugation and for various syntagmatic phenomena of contextual allomorphy. A language-specific investigation thus claims a broader theoretical significance as an exploration of the interconnected workings of syntax, morphology, and semantics. 2014-11-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6308 Home stories: immigrant narratives of place and identity in contemporary Ireland Gilmartin, Mary; Migge, Bettina This paper discusses immigrant identity and place in contemporary Ireland. It draws from a longitudinal research project that involved recent immigrants to Ireland. Participants in the project came from 18 different countries, and ranged in age from 22 to 68. Their reasons for moving to Ireland were varied, and included work, adventure and personal relationships. Combining insights from socio-linguistics and human geography, the paper first considers the different ways in which immigrants to Ireland narrate place and identity, paying particular attention to content and linguistic strategies. It then provides a more detailed discussion of the relationship between immigrant identity and place through a focus on the concept of 'home', highlighting the linguistic strategies and means that immigrants used to discursively construct notions of home and identity in their interviews. The paper concludes by arguing that detailed discourse level analysis of people’s narratives of place offers new insights into the relationship between immigrant identity and place. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6307 Language Practices and Linguistic Ideologies in Suriname: Results from a School Survey Léglise, Isabelle; Migge, Bettina This chapter aims to take a first step towards improving our understanding of Suriname’s contemporary linguistic context. It is based on the results of a recent sociolinguistic survey carried out among primary school children in Suriname. We consider two types of mobility, geographic and socio-cultural mobility. 2014-11-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6306 Looking at Language, Identity, and Mobility in Suriname Carlin, Eithne; Léglise, Isabelle; Migge, Bettina; Tjon Sie Fat, Paul This book aims at revisiting the social and linguistic context of contemporary Suriname and shifting attention away from the purely historical and anthropological construction of Surinamese reality to look instead at language practices in Suriname through the lens of identity construction, mobility patterns, linguistic ideology and multilingualism. The three main themes we engage in this book, language, identity and mobility overlap in several aspects, though the link between language and social identity would likely seem the most obvious for most people. 2014-11-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6300 Review: A grammar of Saramaccan creole by McWhorter, J. and Good, J. . Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2012 Migge, Bettina The 56th grammar in the prestigious Mouton Grammar Library series, it is a comprehensive, high quality description of Saamaka written by two researchers who have extensively published on the language. The grammar follows the stipulation of the editors in that it does not follow any particular theoretical model. The volume consists of an introduction, 17 chapters dealing with different areas of grammar, a two-page word list, glossed passages from a recorded folktale and a conversational interaction, a reference list, and an extensive subject index. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6299 Review: African American, creole, and other vernacular Englishes in education: a bibliographic resource (eds). Rickford, J.R., Sweetland, J., Rickford, A.E. and Grano T. London/New York: Routledge, 2012 Migge, Bettina The place of so-called non-standard varieties of English and related varieties in education has received a fair amount of attention from both, researchers in (socio)linguistics and in education. There is now a substantial body of publications on a wide range of issues ranging from dialect readers, classroom practices, language policies to literature on differentiating (1) linguistic features related to speech, and (2) language disorders from dialect differences. The breadth and abundance of publications is nothing short of impressive, but it also presents a challenge for anyone interested in the field to stay abreast of the latest developments. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6298 Review: Pidgins and creoles beyond Africa-Europe encounters. Buchstaller, I., Holmberg, A., Almoaily, M. (eds.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2014 Migge, Bettina Research on contact languages and language contact has been on the rise since the publication of Thomason and Kaufman (1988) and growing interest in (linguistic) hybridity. Despite definitive advances, research has nevertheless proceeded on a narrow empirical base focusing on European-influenced contexts in the Atlantic region due to researchers’ restricted linguistic competences and limited research agendas, and traditions that privilege structural linguistic issues of a language from a diachronic perspective. 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6297 The Role of Discursive Information in Analyzing Multilingual Practices Migge, Bettina Two broad lines of research have developed on code alternation or code-switching. One line focuses on structural issues related mostly to intra-sentential code-mixing and is based in formal syntactic and psycholinguistic approaches to language. The other line of research focuses on identifying the types of code-switching patterns, their social functions and meanings and the social motivations for code-switching. It applies methods of discourse and conversation analysis. Despite similar goals, these lines of investigation have proceeded separately without much cross-fertilization. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the main tenets of these approaches in the light of data from one contact setting involving related languages and to highlight ways in which the two approaches might complement each other. It argues that since code-switching is an important meaning making resource, analysis of its functions should precede analysis of structural issues as the latter impact on the structure of code-switching practices 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6266 Assessing the Sociolinguistic Situation of the Maroon Creoles Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle Recent anthropological and socio-historical research on Maroon populations suggests that Maroon communities have undergone significant social change since the 1960s spurred by processes of urbanization. However, to date very little is known about how these social changes are impacting on the Maroon Creoles as there is very little sociolinguistic research being carried out in the region. The aim of this paper is to examine the sociolinguistic context of the Maroon Creoles in the light of data from two recent sociolinguistic surveys carried out in Suriname and French Guiana. The findings demonstrate that the sociolinguistic status of Maroon languages has undergone various changes. Several of them are now well represented in French Guiana and, as additional languages, are gaining speakers both in Suriname and French Guiana. While their speakers increasingly practice them together with other languages, thus displaying their multilingual repertoire, there is little indication that their survival is threatened because their speakers predominantly hold positive attitudes towards them. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6026 Langues de Guyane et langues parlees en Guyane Léglise, Isabelle; Renault-Lescure, Odile; Launey, Michel; Migge, Bettina Sur le plan linguistique, la Guyane offre une grande diversité en termes de types de langues présentes sur son territoire comme en termes de situations d’utilisation des langues. Si l’on excepte les familles métropolitaines (estimées à moins de 10% de la population) et les familles créoles, traditionnellement bilingues (français-créole), la Guyane constitue dans le contexte français un cas particulier pour ce qui est des questions linguistiques: les populations traditionnelles et les populations migrantes sont majoritairement non francophones, et leurs langues premières continuent à jouer un rôle important dans la vie quotidienne guyanaise. 2013-08-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6025 Variation linguistique dans les situations formelles chez les Pamaka Migge, Bettina 2005-11-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6024 The speech event kuutu in the Eastern Maroon community Migge, Bettina Sociolinguistic analyses of creoles are generally restricted to morphosyntactic aspects, drawing their data from vernacular speech in informal interviews. While this approach has undoubtedly contributed to a better understanding of the grammatical competence of creole speakers, it has provided relatively little insight into their communicative competence. The present study follows the 'ethnography of speaking' approach (Hymes 1972) to investigate the social and linguistic properties of an important formal event in the Eastern Maroon community, the kuutu 'council meeting'. The data underlying this study were collected among the Pamaka maroons. My investigation shows that the kuutu event is characterized by structured social and linguistic practices that provide important face-saving strategies, and create an aura of dignity, importance and respectability. The social practices described here include participation privileges, and procedures for organizing and holding a kuutu. Concomitant linguistic practices include turn-taking procedures as well as lexical and pragmatic choices. The social conventions and speech acts described here are primarily associated with titled persons and elders, who are the sole active participants in a kuutu. The analysis provided also suggests that speech genre analysis offers important insights into the nature of linguistic varieties and the social meanings they index. 2004-12-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6023 Assessing the nature and role of substrate influence in the formation and development of the creoles of Suriname Migge, Bettina Over the last 30 years or so, a significant amount of research has been carried out on the genesis and development of creoles. This research has shown that the creators of creoles’ first languages made an important contribution to creole grammars, but that their overall role in any specific case was largely dependent on the social circumstances in which the creole emerged. This suggests that substrate influence always interacted with other sources. However, to date, relatively little research has been done on the various ways in which the creators’ first languages influenced specific creole features and how this interaction was determined or constrained by other processes and sources. The aim of this paper is to investigate these issues in more detail in the light of ongoing research on the formation and development of the Tense, Mood and Aspect system of the creoles of Suriname. 2011-02-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6022 Between contact and internal development: Towards a multi-layered explanation for the development of the TMA system in the creoles of Suriname Migge, Bettina; Goury, Laurence This paper proposes a new analysis of the formation of the TMA system of the Surinamese Maroon Creoles based on a wide range of both contemporary and historical sources. The paper first provides a brief synopsis of the socio-historical context in which the Creoles of Suriname emerged and developed, and a broad overview of the TMA systems of those Creoles and of varieties of Gbe. It then discusses four processes that were involved in the emergence of the creole TMA system: substrate influence, internal change from a substrate calque, superstrate influence, and shift of form and category correlated with innovation. The paper then concludes that Creole formation is to be considered as a gradual and multi-layered process (Arends 1993, Bruyn 1995), involving processes of language change that also operate in other so-called normal contact settings (Thomason & Kaufman 1988). 2008-08-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6021 Impact du dispositif 'intervenants en langues maternelles' sur le développement des compétences des élèves de CP suivis au CE1. Résultats provisoires d'une évaluation psycholinguistique realisée en Guyane Nocus, Isabelle; Renault-Lescure, Odile; Guimard, Philippe; Migge, Bettina; Florin, Agnes Contrairement à la Polynésie française et la Nouvelle-Calédonie qui sont des collectivités territoriales d’outre-mer de la France, la Guyane est un département français d’outre-mer dans lequel s’appliquent les lois françaises. La situation sociolinguistique guyanaise présente quelques similitudes avec celle de la Polynésie française et de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, mais surtout beaucoup de différences. Comme les deux autres territoires ultramarins, la population guyanaise est caractérisée par une multitude de groupes humains aux origines, cultures et langues très diverses. Sur le plan linguistique, la Guyane offre une grande diversité en termes de langues présentes sur son territoire et de situations d’utilisation de ces langues et de composition des répertoires linguistiques (pour une description des langues, voir Renault-Lescure et Goury, 2009; pour les répertoires linguistiques et les pratiques linguistiques des enfants, voir Alby et Léglise dans cet ouvrage). Toutefois, si l’on excepte les familles métropolitaines (estimées à moins de 10 % de la population) et les familles créoles, traditionnellement bilingues (français-créole), la Guyane constitue dans le contexte français, un cas particulier : les populations amérindiennes, autochtones, et businenge (les Marrons) et les populations migrantes sont majoritairement non francophones et leurs langues premières continuent à jouer un rôle important dans la vie quotidienne guyanaise. 2014-02-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6020 Preface Migge, Bettina; Ní Chiosáin, Máire The articles in this volume primarily represent a selection of papers that were presented at the Conference New Perspectives on Irish English which was held in March 2010 at University College Dublin. The aim o f the conference, and now the volume, was to assess the directions of research on varieties of English spoken on the island of Ireland since the publication of Focus on Ireland which was edited by Jeffrey Kallen in 1997, and highlight how that research has developed in the last fifteen years. Comparing the articles in this volume to those published in Focus on Irish English two broad differences emerge that are worth highlighting: the topics of investigation and the data and analytical approaches. 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6019 The origin and development of possibility in the creoles of Suriname Migge, Bettina; Winford, Donald In this paper we discuss the origin and development of the expression of possibility in the creoles of Suriname. We first describe the systems of possibility in Sranan and three Maroon creoles (Ndyuka, Pamaka, and Saamaka), drawing on data elicited from informants, conversational data as well as the published literature. We examine several modal elements, namely sa, kan, man, poy, whose distribution differs across the different varieties and also over time. Our analysis reveals that the system of possibility in Sranan is organized quite differently from that of the Maroon creoles. To explain these facts, we trace the development of this area of grammar by drawing on historical data from the early Sranan and Saamaka texts, and by exploring possible influence from the Gbe substrate languages as well as Dutch. We argue that the overall structure of this subsystem in the Maroon creoles was broadly modelled on Gbe while the rather different system found in Sranan Tongo is due primarily to influence from Dutch, and to internal developments. 2009-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6018 Irish English and Recent Immigrants to Ireland Migge, Bettina When Ireland became a country of net immigration in the 1990s, the varieties of English spoken on the island came to function as targets of language learning and were subjected to critical evaluation by people from a wide range of backgrounds. This paper explores newcomers’ views on and attitudes towards Irish English based on interviews with 73 immigrants from a variety of national and social backgrounds. The analysis suggests that there is broad agreement about the nature of Irish English, but attitudes towards it and desire to identify with it are heterogeneous being influenced by a range of factors including people’s alignment with Ireland, their views about variation and Irish reactions to its use. 2012-11-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/5889 Unbounding migration studies: the intersections of language, space and time Migge, Bettina; Gilmartin, Mary 2013-11-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/5874 Integrating local languages and cultures into the education system of French Guiana: A discussion of current programs and initiatives Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle In this paper we present and critically assess three programs that are currently running in French Guiana. They aim to integrate local languages and cultures into the local education system that is otherwise identical to that of Metropolitan France. We discuss and compare their emergence, development and the premises, assumptions and approaches on which they are based. The paper argues that while all three initiatives make an important contribution towards questioning the educational monopoly of French and towards adapting the education system to the local context, their impact current ly remains limited. This is in large part due to a lack of a concerted will on the part of the education system to undertake far-reaching change and program-inherent problems. 2010-05-17T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/5873 Creoles in education: A discussion of pertinent issues Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle; Bartens, Angela The last three decades have seen a steady increase in the use of Pidgin and Creole (P/C) languages in public life. In many P/C-speaking communities, P/C are now widely used in health education, vocational training, political campaigning and in the media. These developments demonstrate – if it has to be demonstrated at all – that P/Cs are viable means of communication and are well able to express as wide a range of issues as the European languages with which they coexist. 2010-05-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/5855 Alternances codiques en Guyane française : Les cas du kali'na et du nenge Alby, Sylvie; Migge, Bettina 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/5854 Introduction Léglise, Isabelle; Migge, Bettina La Guyane française présente une grande diversité culturelle et linguistique qui, bien que longtemps méconnue, a attiré un certain nombre d'observateurs, de l'intérieur comme de l'extérieur. Au fil des recherches menées ces trente dernières années, cette diversité a été interrogée au travers de différentes perspectives historiques, anthropologiques, sociologiques ou encore linguistiques. Toutefois, ces travaux demeurent peu connus à l'extérieur des différents champs disciplinaires concernés et ont fort peu tenu compte les uns des autres. 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/5853 Migrant mothers and the geographies of belonging Gilmartin, Mary; Migge, Bettina Much academic research on migrant mothers focuses on mothers who are separated from their children, often through their integration into global care chains, or on mothers within the context of family migration. This paper argues that co-resident migrant mothers' experiences provide an important window on the complexities of the migration experience. Using a specific case study of Ireland, and drawing from a broader longitudinal research project that focuses on recent migrants, the paper explores migrant mothers’ understandings and experiences of belonging and not-belonging. We argue that structural obstacles and cultural understanding of care actively conspire to undermine migrant mothers' potential to develop place-belongingness. Interviewees' discussions of their status as full-time mothers were often framed through images of ideal motherhood, but equally highlighted how the absence of affordable childcare and family members isolated them and prevent them from creating a sense of belonging outside of the process of mothering and the home. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10197/5851 Creole learner varieties in the past and in the present: implications for creole development Bettina, Migge; van den Berg, Margot Second language (L2) acquisition is widely assumed to have played a role in the emergence of creole genesis. However, the impact of L2 acquisition may not have been restricted to its genesis. In Surinam, newcomers outnumbered locally-born speakers of the Creole throughout the 18th century. To date we know little about the effects that this disproportion of non-native vs. native speakers may have had in the initial and subsequent stages of development of these Creoles. In this paper we combine historical and contemporary data in order to investigate the impact of L2 acquisition and use on developing creoles. We examine several linguistic features in contemporary native (L1) as well as non-native (L2) creole speech in order to reveal the differences in the underlying L1 and L2 systems. These are then compared with their equivalents in the available historical sources. The findings suggest that L2 acquisition affected the development of some linguistic subsystems while others appear little influenced. --- La contribution des processus d’acquisition d’une langue seconde (L2) à l’émergence des créoles est largement reconnue. Cependant, l’impact de la langue seconde ne pourrait se limiter à la genèse du créole. Au Suriname les nouveaux arrivés étaient plus nombreux que les locuteurs natifs du créole pendant tout le 18e siècle. À ce jour, les effets éventuels de la disproportion entre les locuteurs natifs et les non-natifs sur le créole, pendant sa genèse et ultérieurement, sont à peine connus. Dans cet article nous avons combiné des données historiques et contemporaines afin d’étudier l’impact de l’acquisition et de l’utilisation de la L2 sur l’évolution des créoles. Nous examinons plusieurs aspects linguistiques de discours contemporains dans le créole de locuteurs natifs et non-natifs afin d'éclairer les différences sous-jacentes du système de la langue première et seconde. Celles-ci sont ensuite comparées à leurs équivalents provenant de sources antérieures. Cette comparaison nous a permis de conclure que certains sous-systèmes du créole ont davantage été influencés par l’acquisition de la langue seconde que d’autres. 2009-09-01T00:00:00Z