Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy Research Collection
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- Publication3, 4, 5 Temple Cottages, Dublin 73 - 5 Temple Cottages, Dublin, Republic of Ireland. Includes: text, ill, plans, elevs, section. Special mention award ; The 3 houses were converted to a single dwelling
129 - Publication34 Palmerstown Road, Rathmines, Dublin 634 Palmerstown Road, Dublin, Republic of Ireland. Includes: Text, photos, plans, sections, elevs.
220 - PublicationAbatement and allocation in the pilot phase of the EU ETSWe use historical industrial emissions data to assess the level of abatement and overallocation that took place across European countries during the pilot phase (2005-2007) of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. Using a dynamic panel data model, we estimate the counterfactual (business-as-usual) emissions scenario for EU member states. Comparing this baseline to allocated and verified emissions, we conclude that both overallocation and abatement occurred, along with under-allocation and emissions inflation. Over the three trading years of the pilot phase we find over-allocation of approximately 376 million EUAs (6%) and total abatement at the member state level of 107 Mt CO2 (1.8%). However, due to over-allocation and possible uncertainty about future allocation methodologies, we calculate that emissions inflation of approximately 119 Mt CO2 (2%) occurred, resulting in emissions over the pilot phase being approximately 12 Mt CO2 (0.2%) higher than they would have been in the absence of the EU ETS.
633 - PublicationAccess to housing : the role of housing supply and urban development policy in the Greater Dublin area(Trinity College Dublin. Centre for Urban & Regional Studies and Dublin Institute of Technology. Faculty of the Built Environment, 2003)
; ; 650 - PublicationAccounting for transaction costs in planning policy evaluationThe costs incurred in the design and implementation of planning policy instruments are not always considered sufficiently. In order to increase the efficacy of planning policy instruments, these transaction costs need to be taken into account. While such transaction costs are expected to vary according to their institutional design and arrangements, up to now there has been no systematic research concerned with how planners should consider transaction costs, and other institutional aspects, as evaluation criteria in planning policy analysis. This paper investigates how, and in which stages, these costs can be included in planning policy design and analysis. Using the literature of transaction costs and new institutional economics, this paper proposes a framework for integrating these costs into evaluating planning policy instruments. This framework consists of different factors that influence transaction costs in designing and implementing a planning policy instrument. Although some researchers have discussed the influence of factors concerning the characteristics of transactions and transactors, there has been limited consideration of the importance of factors related to the characteristics of a policy. This paper argues that policy characteristics, such as, simplicity, age of the policy, precision of the policy, policy approach, public involvement and participation, and policy credibility and consistency, can affect transaction costs in any policy. Therefore, the paper concludes that, in addition to transaction and transactor characteristics, a 'policy characteristics' category should be included to emphasise the importance of policy selection and design in transaction costs of a planning policy instrument.
243Scopus© Citations 38 - PublicationActing Now While Preparing for Tomorrow: Competitiveness upgrading under the shadow of COVID-19This paper aims to provide policy makers, especially those focused on the longer-term growth potential of their countries, with an initial framework to think about their action priorities in the context of the overall COVID-19 response. Our focus is on the supply-side, microeconomic, and firm-centric response to the virus and its economic repercussions, a dimension that, in our view, needs to be added to the public health and macroeconomic issues currently dominating the debate. We argue that, for the approach towards partial re-opening of economies to be effective in reviving economic activity, public health measures need to be accompanied by a microeconomic toolkit. China’s economic data suggests that a full recovery is not automatic even when restrictions are removed, and the US evidence suggests that the degree of economic slowdown by state is not simply a function of the public health restrictions put in place. A large set of microeconomic barriers, from disrupted supply chains to weakened balance sheets to the need to establish new safe operating procedures, will need to be addressed as well to get closer towards economic normality. We argue that, in the approach to post-pandemic recovery, macroeconomic policies need to be accompanied by upgrading microeconomic competitiveness to ensure sustained, robust growth. The microeconomic factors to address include the quality of institutions, the quality of factor-input conditions, the openness of markets, the rules and regulations affecting businesses, and the presence of dynamic clusters and the sophistication of companies. The global financial crisis (GFC) showed how even successful macroeconomic stabilization can result in lower long-term productivity and prosperity growth. We outline a set of key factors to consider as countries develop a post-COVID plan for competitiveness upgrading to achieve a sustained and healthy recovery. The paper focuses on identifying key policy issues governments will have to address, without being overly prescriptive on the specific actions to take. While providing specific answers will obviously be important, past crises have shown that countries tripped up not only because they provided the wrong answers but also because they failed to focus on the right questions.
234 - PublicationAdding value to timber components through consideration of demolition and disassembly(2021-08-12)
; Consideration of the life cycle of timber products within the traditional construction sector in Ireland has been extremely limited to date. Consequently, the majority of timber recovered following demolition is incinerated for energy, contributing to global warming. Analysis of the current Irish housing stock has shown that it contains high volumes of quality timber components in good condition and of significant capital value. In making relatively minor adjustments to design, construction and demolition practices, opportunities exist to enable disassembly and reuse which would add timber components and completed constructions.104 - PublicationAir Pollution Abatement Performances of Green Infrastructure in Open Road and Built-up Street Canyon Environments - A ReviewIntensifying the proportion of urban green infrastructure has been considered as one of the remedies for air pollution levels in cities, yet the impact of numerous vegetation types deployed in different built environments has to be fully synthesised and quantified. This review examined published literature on neighbourhood air quality modifications by green interventions. Studies were evaluated that discussed personal exposure to local sources of air pollution under the presence of vegetation in open road and built-up street canyon environments. Further, we critically evaluated the available literature to provide a better understanding of the interactions between vegetation and surrounding built-up environments and ascertain means of reducing local air pollution exposure using green infrastructure. The net effects of vegetation in each built-up environment are also summarised and possible recommendations for the future design of green infrastructure are proposed. In a street canyon environment, high-level vegetation canopies (trees) led to a deterioration in air quality, while low-level green infrastructure (hedges) improved air quality conditions. For open road conditions, wide, low porosity and tall vegetation leads to downwind pollutant reductions while gaps and high porosity vegetation could lead to no improvement or even deteriorated air quality. The review considers that generic recommendations can be provided for vegetation barriers in open road conditions. Green walls and roofs on building envelopes can also be used as effective air pollution abatement measures. The critical evaluation of the fundamental concepts and the amalgamation of key technical features of past studies by this review could assist urban planners to design and implement green infrastructures in the built environment.
372Scopus© Citations 482 - PublicationAlma Lane, Monkstown, Co DublinCubical House. Alma Lane, Monkstown, Co Dublin, Republic of Ireland. Includes: text, ill, plans, elevs. Medal winner
213 - PublicationAn analysis of the role of bicycle-sharing in a European city : the case of DublinIn recent years, problems associated with automobile use have led to a marked shift in the orientation of transportation policy towards the promotion of more sustainable modes of transport. Central to this policy has been a heightened interest in bicycle-sharing schemes in major cities in the developed world. These initiatives seek to increase the modal share of cycling, improve the mobility of the general public and reduce the environmental impacts of private automobile transport. Existing research investigating the role and impact of bicycle-sharing schemes in European cities is sparse. Within this context, this paper investigates the role and impact of the recently implemented bicycle-sharing scheme in Dublin. Using evidence from 360 questionnaire surveys, the research focuses on the use of the bicycle-sharing scheme as an integrative mode for the rest of the city’s transport system, and particularly for the public transport system. The research also examines the scheme’s dichotomy in terms of its functionality during the peak and off-peak periods as well as investigating the socio-economic profile of its users.
1168 - PublicationAnalysis of thermal bridging in Arabian houses: Investigation of residential buildings in the Riyadh area(University of A Coruña & Asoc. PLEA 2020 Planning Post Carbon Cities, 2020-09-03)
; ; The electrical energy demand in Saudi Arabia has been increasing over the last decade. The building sector (residential, governmental and commercial) consumes about 80% of the total electricity produced. Residential buildings consume about 50% of the total electricity consumption in Saudi Arabia. Up to 70% of the electric energy consumed in buildings id for air conditioning of internal space. This study investigates the relative impact of thermal bridging through the building envelope as a cause of this scenario. The analysis focuses on typical detached villa housing, which represent 29% of all residential accommodation. The results of this paper show that insulated clay blocks by themselves do not ensure compliance with the minimum requirements of the Saudi Code. Bridging caused by mortar joints and structural elements can increase the U-value of the building envelope by 141% above the hypothetical unbridged base case. Through simulation study the impact of thermal bridging on the building is calculated at 68% increase of the total energy consumption. A 55 mm additional external insulation layers can improve the performance considerably and achieve compliance with new building codes.155 - PublicationAnnounced climate policy and the order of resource useIn this paper we study the optimal extraction of two fossil fuels when the economy faces an announced constraint on CO2 emissions a la Kyoto. When high- and low-carbon resources are perfect substitutes, announcement of climate policy induces substitution towards the high-carbon input whenever this resource is abundant. Emissions can then increase at the instant of announcement when the future constraint is not too tight, and the period between announcement and implementation of climate policy is long enough. We present data that suggest that this effect might have occurred in the German electricity industry after announcement of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme.
120 - PublicationApplication of hemp-lime renders to improve insulation of walls(Association Universitaire de Génie Civil, 2019-06-26)
; ; This paper measures the variation in the thermal transmittance of solid brick walls triggered by the application of hemp-lime renders in an effort to enhance the insulating properties of building fabrics. Six trial renders with different proportions of hemp and lime were fabricated and two selected based on their workability and adhesion. The renders were applied to solid brick walls and their thermal transmittance measured using the hot box method. Thermal imaging was used to control thermal bridges in the masonry assemblies. The results were compared with a control brick wall with no render. When compared to commercial mixes such diathomite and expanded polystyrene, it was seen that the hemp-lime renders display similar thermal properties that qualify them as good insulators. The results evidenced that the application of a hemp-lime render can halve the thermal transmittance of a solid brick wall. The renders investigated notably increase the resistance to heat transfer in the brick wall. Render 5 (a 1.25: 1 -hemp: NHL3.5 mix applied in a 21 mm depth) nearly doubles the thermal resistance and halves the thermal transmittance of the wall, reducing the U-value from 6.99 to 3.65 W/m2K therefore doubling the insulation provided by the solid brick wall.It was also noted that the 21 mm hemp-lime renders also improve the thermal properties of stone walls however, the improvement is not as notable as in the solid brick walls. Though it was noted that a render twice the thickness (40 mm) would greatly improve the thermal performance of the stone walls reducing U-values by c.40%. The outstanding insulating ability of air gaps was exposed by including a 20 mm gap between the renders and the wall: when the hemp-lime renders were applied on a metal lath or mesh set with a 20 mm gap off the wall, the U-values of the walls lower by over 30%. Also, it was demonstrated that the hemp-lime renders improve the thermal performance of solid walls to a much greater extent than cavity walls.67 - PublicationArchitectural CritiqueThe Gardiner estate is tantilisingly close to the proposed development of a university campus at Grangegorman, which will be almost two thirds of its size, and one wonders how these lost lands might have developed in the past if the proposed Royal Circus, planned to be located just a few minutes walk away, had been realised. As it transpired, Dublin’s greatest leap forward in urban terms faded before this could happen, and the north side of the city fell into decline.
93 - PublicationThe art of inclusion: phenomenology, placemaking and the role of the artsThis paper extends emerging research on the role of the arts in placemaking by introducing readers to the theories of Hannah Arendt. Specifically, it outlines the value of an Arendtian phenomenological framework for conceiving why, how and in what ways ‘inclusion’ could and should operate in placemaking. The paper first presents an outline of Arendt’s phenomenological approach. An exploratory case study of arts activities in a rural Irish town is then employed to illustrate the explanatory potential of this approach. The paper closes by reflecting on how an Arendtian approach suggests important lessons for placemaking research and practice.
191Scopus© Citations 2 - PublicationAspects of labour supply and demand, with special reference to the employment of women in IrelandThere has been a resurgence of interest among economists in the theoretical and empirical aspects of labour supply and demand. Additionally, the present widespread interest in the position of woman in society naturally focusses attention on her role in the economy, and creates a demand for information regarding the relevance of sex as a variable in studies of the labour market. The present study is intended to provide some information on these topics in an Irish context.
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