Veterinary Medicine Research Collection
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- PublicationBiennial Report, 2020-21, The Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, The TB Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory(University College Dublin and the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, 2022-05-02)
; The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) provides ongoing financial support to two research units within the UCD School of Veterinary Medicine at University College Dublin: The UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (UCD CVERA); and The TB Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory. These units each work to support DAFM policy, inspectorate and laboratory staff in the area of animal health. UCD CVERA is a national resource centre, providing policy advice and conducting epidemiological research on a wide range of animal health issues. In addition, UCD CVERA provides general support to government, industry and the veterinary profession (pre- and post-graduation). The TB Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory focuses on bovine and badger tuberculosis research. This report documents work conducted by, or in association with, these UCD-based research units during 2020 and 2021.64 - PublicationThe Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, The TB Diagnostics and Immunology Research Centre, The Badger Vaccine Project. Biennial Report, 2014-15(University College Dublin. Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, 2016-04)
; The UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (UCD CVERA) is the national resource centre for veterinary epidemiology in Ireland, located within the UCD School of Veterinary Medicine at University College Dublin. The Centre was initially established as the Tuberculosis Investigation Unit, but in recent years has broadened its remit to cover a wide range of international, national and local animal health matters, including: - Epidemiological support for the control and eradication of regulatory animal diseases, including the national eradication programme for bovine tuberculosis; - Work in support of Animal Health Ireland (www.animalhealthireland.ie), which is providing a proactive, coordinated and industry-led approach in Ireland to non-regulatory animal health concerns (such as mastitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and Johne’s disease); and - Epidemiological support for a broad range of other animal health and welfare issues relating to emergency animal disease preparedness and response (for example, Schmallenberg viral infection), on-farm investigations, welfare of farmed livestock and horses, health of companion animals and farmed fish, and international collaboration. UCD CVERA staff work closely with national policy-makers, both in government and industry. Staff also contribute to training in veterinary medicine, both to undergraduates and postgraduate. A broad range of expertise is represented within the Centre, including database development and management, geographic information systems, statistics, veterinary medicine and epidemiology. The Centre is staffed by employees of University College Dublin and of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM). The badger vaccine project is a programme of research with the objective to develop a vaccine to control tuberculosis in badgers and to break the link of infection to cattle. Over the course of nine studies with captive badgers, we have demonstrated as proof of principle that vaccination of badgers with BCG by a number of routes, including oral delivery, generates high levels of protective immunity against challenge with M. bovis. We are continuing to carry out studies with captive population of badgers to refine the vaccine and address issues relating to licensing of the vaccine as a veterinary medicine.1229 - PublicationThe Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, The TB Diagnostics and Immunology Research Centre, The Badger Vaccine Project: Biennial Report, 2010-11(University College Dublin. Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, 2012)
; The UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (UCD CVERA) is the national resource centre for veterinary epidemiology in Ireland, located within the UCD School of Veterinary Medicine at University College Dublin. The Centre was initially established as the Tuberculosis Investigation Unit, but in recent years has broadened its remit to cover a wide range of international, national and local animal health matters, including: - Epidemiological support for the control and eradication of regulatory animal diseases, including the national eradication programme for bovine tuberculosis; - Work in support of Animal Health Ireland (www.animalhealthireland.ie), which is providing a proactive, coordinated and industry-led approach in Ireland to non-regulatory animal health concerns (such as mastitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and Johne’s disease); and - Epidemiological support for a broad range of other animal health and welfare issues relating to emergency animal disease preparedness and response (for example, avian influenza, bluetongue and equine infectious anaemia), on-farm investigations, welfare of farmed livestock and horses, health of companion animals and farmed fish, and international collaboration. UCD CVERA staff work closely with national policy-makers, both in government and industry. Staff also contribute to training in veterinary medicine, both to undergraduates and postgraduate. A broad range of expertise is represented within the Centre, including database development and management, geographic information systems, statistics, veterinary medicine and epidemiology. The Centre is staffed by employees of University College Dublin and of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM). The badger vaccine project is a programme of research with the objective to develop a vaccine to control tuberculosis in badgers and to break the link of infection to cattle. In studies with captive badgers, we have demonstrated that vaccination of badgers with BCG by a number of routes, including oral delivery, generates high levels of protective immunity against challenge with M. bovis. We are continuing to carry out studies with captive population of badgers to refine the vaccine and address issues relating to the eventual licensing of the vaccine as a veterinary medicine. In our most recent captive badger study, the preliminary analysis of data indicates that lower doses of oral BCG vaccine (10^5 colony forming units) are just as effective at protecting badgers against experimental challenge, compared with the standard dose (10^7 colony forming units). This may have important implications for cost of manufacture of an oral vaccine. The vaccine field trial, which commenced in 2009 to test the efficacy of the oral BCG vaccine in free-living badgers over a wide geographic area in Co. Kilkenny, is nearing completion. The vaccination phase of the field trial finished in 2012, and 273 badgers have since been removed from the site for detailed post-mortem analysis. The analysis of the data has commenced and it is hoped to present preliminary results early in 2014.334 - PublicationThe Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, The TB Diagnostics and Immunology Research Centre, The Badger Vaccine Project: Biennial Report, 2012-13(University College Dublin. Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, 2014)
; The UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (UCD CVERA) is the national resource centre for veterinary epidemiology in Ireland, located within the UCD School of Veterinary Medicine at University College Dublin. The Centre was initially established as the Tuberculosis Investigation Unit, but in recent years has broadened its remit to cover a wide range of international, national and local animal health matters, including: - Epidemiological support for the control and eradication of regulatory animal diseases, including the national eradication programme for bovine tuberculosis; - Work in support of Animal Health Ireland (www.animalhealthireland.ie), which is providing a proactive, coordinated and industry-led approach in Ireland to non-regulatory animal health concerns (such as mastitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and Johne’s disease); and - Epidemiological support for a broad range of other animal health and welfare issues relating to emergency animal disease preparedness and response (for example, avian influenza, bluetongue and equine infectious anaemia), on-farm investigations, welfare of farmed livestock and horses, health of companion animals and farmed fish, and international collaboration. UCD CVERA staff work closely with national policy-makers, both in government and industry. Staff also contribute to training in veterinary medicine, both to undergraduates and postgraduate. A broad range of expertise is represented within the Centre, including database development and management, geographic information systems, statistics, veterinary medicine and epidemiology. The Centre is staffed by employees of University College Dublin and of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM). The badger vaccine project is a programme of research with the objective to develop a vaccine to control tuberculosis in badgers and to break the link of infection to cattle. In studies with captive badgers, we have demonstrated that vaccination of badgers with BCG by a number of routes, including oral delivery, generates high levels of protective immunity against challenge with M. bovis. We are continuing to carry out studies with captive population of badgers to refine the vaccine and address issues relating to the eventual licensing of the vaccine as a veterinary medicine. In our most recent captive badger study, the preliminary analysis of data indicates that lower doses of oral BCG vaccine (10^5 colony forming units) are just as effective at protecting badgers against experimental challenge, compared with the standard dose (10^7 colony forming units). This may have important implications for cost of manufacture of an oral vaccine. The vaccine field trial, which commenced in 2009 to test the efficacy of the oral BCG vaccine in free-living badgers over a wide geographic area in Co. Kilkenny, is nearing completion. The vaccination phase of the field trial finished in 2012, and 273 badgers have since been removed from the site for detailed post-mortem analysis. The analysis of the data has commenced and it is hoped to present preliminary results early in 2014.286 - PublicationThe Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, The TB Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, Biennial Report, 2018-19The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) provides ongoing financial support to two research units within the UCD School of Veterinary Medicine at University College Dublin: - The UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (UCD CVERA); and - The TB Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory. These units each work to support DAFM policy, inspectorate and laboratory staff in the area of animal health. The TB Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory focuses on bovine tuberculosis research. UCD CVERA is a national resource centre, providing policy advice and conducting epidemiological research on a wide range of animal health issues. In addition, UCD CVERA provides general support to government, industry and the veterinary profession (pre- and post-graduation). This report documents work conducted by, or in association with, these UCD-based research units during 2018 and 2019.
141 - PublicationThe Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, The TB Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory. Biennial Report, 2016-17The UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (UCD CVERA) is the national resource centre for veterinary epidemiology in Ireland, located within the UCD School of Veterinary Medicine at University College Dublin. The Centre was initially established as the Tuberculosis Investigation Unit, but has since broadened its remit to cover a wide range of international, national and local animal health matters, including: Epidemiological support for the control and eradication of regulatory animal diseases, including the national eradication programme for bovine tuberculosis, and for emergency animal disease preparedness and response; Work in support of Animal Health Ireland (www.animalhealthireland.ie), which is providing a proactive, coordinated and industry-led approach in Ireland to non-regulatory animal health concerns (such as mastitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and Johne’s disease); and Epidemiological support for a broad range of other animal health and welfare issues relating to animal health surveillance, on-farm investigations, welfare of farmed livestock and horses, health of companion animals and farmed fish, and international collaboration. UCD CVERA staff work closely with national policy-makers, both in government and industry. Staff also contribute to training in veterinary medicine, both to undergraduates and postgraduates. A broad range of expertise is represented within the Centre, including database development and management, geographic information systems, statistics, veterinary medicine and epidemiology. The Centre is staffed by employees of University College Dublin and of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM). During 2017, a strategic review of CVERA took place in conjunction with the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, the UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Ireland and other stakeholders. As a result of the review, CVERA has developed clearly defined strategic goals, objectives and expected outcomes for the medium term. These are presented in the CVERA Statement of Strategy 2017-20. Three priority areas have been identified for immediate action, including the establishment of an independent management board, the introduction of systems to improve task management within CVERA, and a communications plan.
887 - PublicationChallenges and Solutions to Supporting Farm Animal Welfare in Ireland: Responding to the Human Element(Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, 2018-06-21)
; ; ; ; Over recent decades, changes in agriculture have pushed animal welfare as a topic of concern into mainstream public, policy and political conversations (Buller and Morris, 2003; Fraser, 2014; Broom, 2016). Despite the relationship between farmers and farm animals being important for farm animal welfare standards, there is limited understanding of how the nature of this relationship influences welfare outcomes. Understanding the complexities of this relationship and the wider context in which these complexities are situated is central to forming and implementing interventions that can be effective in improving farm animal welfare on individual farms.669 - PublicationCOVID-19 epidemiological parameters summary document(Department of Health, 2020-05-20)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; In response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, the Irish Epidemiological Modelling Advisory Group (IEMAG) for COVID-19 was established to assist the Irish National Public Health Emergency Team (NPHET) in their decision-making during the pandemic. A subcommittee from IEMAG (the epidemiological parameters team) was tasked with researching the various parameters, leading to the development of a series of synthesis documents relevant to the parameterisation of a COVID-19 transmission model for Ireland. These parameters include: • R0/R • Latent period & relative importance of pre-symptomatic period • Incubation period • Generation time & serial interval • Proportion of infected who are asymptomatic, by age • Length of infectious period in asymptomatic people and in symptomatic people who do not isolate • Time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis/test results and to hospitalisation • Length of hospital stay and admission to ICUs • Relative infectiousness of asymptomatic versus symptomatic infected people. The current document presents an up-to-date summary of these synthesis documents. A further synthesis document on age-related susceptibility and age-related infectiousness is in preparation.174 - PublicationIreland Red List No. 2 : Non-marine molluscs(National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, 2009)
; ; ; ; Based on almost 80,000 records for Ireland, 150 native species of non-marine mollusc are evaluated for their conservation status using International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria (IUCN, 2001, 2003). Two are considered to be regionally extinct, five critically endangered, fourteen endangered, twenty-six vulnerable, six near threatened, and the rest of least concern, or data deficient. Ireland’s non-marine molluscan fauna is of international importance. Ten species have populations of significant international worth, having large proportions of their global population in Ireland. Ashfordia granulata and Leisotyla anglica are two examples of such species; both are near endemics to Britain and Ireland, with Ireland having at least a fifth of their global populations. Seven species have been listed on the global IUCN red list, for example Myxas glutinosa and Quickella arenaria, both of which are endangered species in Ireland. Six species are legally protected under European legislation. Of these legally protected species, only the Kerry slug, Geomalacus maculosus, is not considered threatened in Ireland. However, the Irish population of this species is of particular international importance as the species is restricted to south-west Ireland and northern Iberia, and the Iberian populations are severely threatened. Some species are rare in Ireland as they are at the edge of their range or climatic tolerances (e.g. Pomatias elegans). For species that are declining in Ireland there are multiple drivers of population loss. Species declines are primarily driven by habitat loss (e.g. loss of marginal agricultural wetlands through drainage impacting species such as Vertigo antivertigo), habitat change (e.g. reduced water quality impacting species such as Pisidium pseudosphaerium and Margaritifera margaritifera) and habitat management (e.g. woodland management practices impacting species such as Spermodea lamellata). To a lesser extent species may be declining due to climate change (e.g. Pisidium conventus, a cold, deep water, montane species) and the impact of invasive species (Anodonta cygnea and A. anatina, the swan and duck mussels, are being severely impacted by the invasive species Dreissena polymorpha, the zebra mussel). The importance of water quality and the reduction of habitat loss and change across a spectrum of habitats are identified as important components in conserving the non-marine molluscan fauna on the island of Ireland.1123 - PublicationNetwork proteins of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 but not angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 itself are host cell receptors for SARS-Coronavirus-2 attachmentBackground: Coronaviruses causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) are known to enter the host cells by attaching to the membrane bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Using molecular docking the efficiency of interaction between SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins and ACE2 network proteins was assessed.Materials and Methods: The ACE2 protein network was identified using the STRING database. The reported SARS-CoV-2 target proteins were searched in the protein data bank and uniport database. The protein-protein interactions were assessed by molecular docking using the Chimera software. The PubChem database was searched for known inhibitors of host cell receptors interacting with SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding efficacy of these compounds against the SARS-CoV-2 targets using AutoDock Vina and the docked protein-ligand complex were visualised using the Chimera and PyMOL software.Results: A low binding affinity was observed between SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (protein S, M and 6YLA) and ACE2. Coronaviruses are also reported to bind to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which is a network protein of ACE2. Network analysis showed five membrane proteins associated with ACE2. The ACE2 network proteins were assessed for their binding affinity with all known SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins. The SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins showed preferential binding to network proteins such as DPP4 and Meprin A alpha but not ACE2. The binding efficacy (affinity (-5.86 to -7.10 Kcal/mol), Ki (6.32 – 22.04 mM) and IC50 (12.63 – 113.71 mM) values) of DPP4 inhibitors (saxagliptin and sitagliptin) against SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins, was observed to be at a therapeutically feasible concentration to prevent SARS-CoV-2 attachment and entry into host cells.Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins has better interactions with DPP4 and Meprin A alpha host cells receptors rather than ACE2. DPP4 inhibitors (saxagliptin and sitagliptin) by binding with SARS-CoV-2 surface proteins may be helpful in preventing the virus entry into the host cells.
121 - PublicationRegional red list of Irish bees(National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland) and Environment and Heritage Service (N. Ireland), 2006)
; ; ; ; In 2003 the Higher Education Authority awarded funding for a three year project on the conservation of native Irish bees under their North-South programme for collaborative research. This work was undertaken by Dr. Úna Fitzpatrick and Dr. Mark Brown in the School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin and by Mr. Tomás Murray and Dr. Rob Paxton in the School of School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast. One important element of this research has been the documentation of the conservation status of native bees in Ireland. A three-step sequential process has been used to document the status of each of the native species, indicate the conservation action required, and highlight those species of most importance from a conservation perspective: (1) Identification of the threatened species using internationally recognized methodology - production of an IUCN regional red list for the island of Ireland. (2) Documentation of the total conservation actions required for the assessed group - completed IUCN conservation action authority files for threatened, near threatened and data deficient species. (3) Conversion from the regional red list to a national list of conservation priority species This summary report contains the Regional Red List of Irish bees, IUCN conservation actions authority files for all threatened, near threatened and data deficient species in the red list, and a list of national conservation priority species.476