Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Publication
    Real time damage detection using recursive principal components and time varying auto-regressive modeling
    In this paper, a novel baseline free approach for continuous online damage detection of multi degree of freedom vibrating structures using Recursive Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) in conjunction with Time Varying Auto-Regressive Modeling (TVAR) is proposed. In this method, the acceleration data is used to obtain recursive proper orthogonal components online using rank-one perturbation method, followed by TVAR modeling of the first transformed response, to detect the change in the dynamic behavior of the vibrating system from its pristine state to contiguous linear/non-linear-states that indicate damage. Most of the works available in the literature deal with algorithms that require windowing of the gathered data owing to their data-driven nature which renders them ineffective for online implementation. Algorithms focussed on mathematically consistent recursive techniques in a rigorous theoretical framework of structural damage detection is missing, which motivates the development of the present framework that is amenable for online implementation which could be utilized along with suite experimental and numerical investigations. The RPCA algorithm iterates the eigenvector and eigenvalue estimates for sample covariance matrices and new data point at each successive time instants, using the rank-one perturbation method. TVAR modeling on the principal component explaining maximum variance is utilized and the damage is identified by tracking the TVAR coefficients. This eliminates the need for offline post processing and facilitates online damage detection especially when applied to streaming data without requiring any baseline data. Numerical simulations performed on a 5-dof nonlinear system under white noise excitation and El Centro (also known as 1940 Imperial Valley earthquake) excitation, for different damage scenarios, demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm. The method is further validated on results obtained from case studies involving experiments performed on a cantilever beam subjected to earthquake excitation; a two-storey benchscale model with a TMD and, data from recorded responses of UCLA factor building demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology as an ideal candidate for real time, reference free structural health monitoring.
    Scopus© Citations 59  822
  • Publication
    Vibration energy harvesting based monitoring of an operational bridge undergoing forced vibration and train passage
    The application of energy harvesting technology for monitoring civil infrastructure is a bourgeoning topic of interest. The ability of kinetic energy harvesters to scavenge ambient vibration energy can be useful for large civil infrastructure under operational conditions, particularly for bridge structures. The experimental integration of such harvesters with full scale structures and the subsequent use of the harvested energy directly for the purposes of structural health monitoring shows promise. This paper presents the first experimental deployment of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting devices for monitoring a full-scale bridge undergoing forced dynamic vibrations under operational conditions using energy harvesting signatures against time. The calibration of the harvesters is presented, along with details of the host bridge structure and the dynamic assessment procedures. The measured responses of the harvesters from the tests are presented and the use the harvesters for the purposes of structural health monitoring (SHM) is investigated using empirical mode decomposition analysis, following a bespoke data cleaning approach. Finally, the use of sequential Karhunen Loeve transforms to detect train passages during the dynamic assessment is presented. This study is expected to further develop interest in energy-harvesting based monitoring of large infrastructure for both research and commercial purposes.
    Scopus© Citations 106  570
  • Publication
    Real-time unified single- and multi-channel structural damage detection using recursive singular spectrum analysis
    A novel baseline-free approach for continuous online damage detection of multidegree of freedom vibrating structures using recursive singular spectral analysis in conjunction with time-varying autoregressive modeling is proposed in this article. The acceleration data are used to obtain recursive proper orthogonal components online using rank-one perturbation method, followed by time-varying autoregressive modeling of the first transformed response, to detect the change in the dynamic behavior of the vibrating system from its original state to contiguous linear/nonlinear states indicating damage. Most work to date deal with algorithms that require windowing of the gathered data that render them ineffective for online implementation. Algorithms focused on mathematically consistent recursive techniques in a rigorous theoretical framework of structural damage detection are missing that motivates the development of the present framework. The response from a single channel is provided as input to the algorithm in real time. The recursive singular spectral analysis algorithm iterates the eigenvector and eigenvalue estimates for sample covariance matrices and new data point at each successive time instants. This eliminates the need for offline post processing and facilitates online damage detection especially when applied to streaming data without requiring any baseline data. Lower order time-varying autoregressive models are applied on the transformed responses to improve detectability. Numerical simulations performed on a five-degree of freedom nonlinear system and on a single degree of freedom system modeled using a Duffing oscillator under white noise excitation data, with different levels of nonlinearity simulating the damage scenarios, demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm. The method further validated on results obtained from experiments performed on a cantilever beam subjected to earthquake excitation; a toy cart experiment model with springs attached to either side; demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology as an appropriate candidate for real-time, reference-free structural health monitoring.
    Scopus© Citations 53  706