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Mechanism of the binding of Z-L-tryptophan and Z-L-phenylalanine to thermolysin and stromelysin-1 in aqueous solutions

2012-02, Ceruso, Mariangela, Howe, Nicole, Malthouse, J.Paul G.

The chemical shift of the carboxylate carbon of Z-tryptophan is increased from 179.85 to 182.82 ppm and 182.87 on binding to thermolysin and stromelysin-1 respectively. The chemical shift of Z-phenylalanine is also increased from 179.5 ppm to 182.9 ppm on binding to thermolysin. From pH studies we conclude that the pKa of the inhibitor carboxylate group is lowered by at least 1.5 pKa units when it binds to either enzyme. The signal at ~183 ppm is no longer observed when the active site zinc atom of thermolysin or stromelysin-1 is replaced by cobalt. We estimate that the distance of carboxylate carbon of Z-[1-13C]-L-tryptophan is ≤ 3.71 Å from the active site cobalt atom of thermolysin. We conclude that the side chain of Z-[1-13C]-L-tryptophan is not bound in the S2' subsite of thermolysin. As the chemical shifts of the carboxylate carbons of the bound inhibitors are all ~183 ppm we conclude that they are all bound in a similar way most probably with the inhibitor carboxylate group directly coordinated to the active site zinc atom. Our spectrophotometric results confirm that the active site zinc atom is tetrahedrally coordinated when the inhibitors Z-tryptophan or Z-phenylalanine are bound to thermolysin.

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pH stability of the stromelysin-1 catalytic domain and its mechanism of interaction with a glyoxal inhibitor

2011-10, Howe, Nicole, Ceruso, Mariangela, Spink, Edward, Malthouse, J.Paul G.

The Stromelysin-1 catalytic domain83-247 (SCD) is stable for at least 16 hours at pHs 6.0-8.4. At pHs 5.0 and 9.0 there is exponential irreversible denaturation with half lives of 38 and 68 min respectively. At pHs 4.5 and 10.0 irreversible denaturation is biphasic. At 25°C, C-terminal truncation of stromelysin-1 decreases the stability of the stromelysin-1 catalytic domain at pH values > 8.4 and < 6.0. We describe the conversion of the carboxylate group of (βR)-β-[[[(1S)-1-[[[(1S)-2-Methoxy-1-phenylethyl]amino]carbonyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-methyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-hexanoic acid (UK-370106-COOH) a potent inhibitor of the metalloprotease stromelysin-1 to a glyoxal group (UK-370106-CO13CHO). At pH 5.5 - 6.5 the glyoxal inhibitor is a potent inhibitor of stromelysin-1 (Ki = ~1 μM). The aldehyde carbon of the glyoxal inhibitor was enriched with carbon-13 and using Carbon-13 NMR we show that the glyoxal aldehyde carbon is fully hydrated when it is in aqueous solutions (90.4 ppm) and also when it is bound to SCD (~92.0 ppm). We conclude that the hemiacetal hydroxyl groups of the glyoxal inhibitor are not ionised when the glyoxal inhibitor is bound to SCD. The free enzyme pKa values associated with inhibitor binding were 5.9 and 6.2. The formation and breakdown of the signal at ~92 ppm due to the bound UK-370106-CO13CHO inhibitor depends on pKa values of 5.8 and 7.8 respectively. No strong hydrogen bonds are present in free SCD or in SCD-inhibitor complexes. We conclude that the inhibitor glyoxal group is not directly coordinated to the catalytic zinc atom of SCD.