Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Publication
    System-wide inertial response from fixed speed and variable speed wind turbines
    (IEEE, 2011-07-24) ;
    As wind penetration levels on power systems increase worldwide, the dynamic characteristics of these systems are changing due to the displacement of synchronous generation. One issue, of particular concern, is the resulting reduction in system inertia. Modern, variable speed wind turbines are controlled by power electronics and so do not inherently contribute to the inertial response of the system. Such devices can however be fitted with a control loop which provides an active power response to significant frequency deviations, similar to the inertial response of fixed speed wind turbines and synchronous generation. However, the response of variable speed turbines is dependent on local wind speeds and so cannot be quantified deterministically by system operators. This paper examines the potential for wind generation to contribute to system inertial response and considers the aggregated inertial response capabilities of fixed speed and variable speed wind generation.
    Scopus© Citations 33  1111
  • Publication
    Emulated Inertial Response from Wind Turbines: The Case for Bespoke Power System Optimisation
    (Energynautics GmbH, 2012-11-15) ;
    The dynamic characteristics of power systems with increasing wind penetration levels are changing rapidly as the nature of the frequency response capability of these systems develop with the evolving plant mix. Consequently, the protocols for how these systems are operated are changing. While modern variable speed wind turbines do not inherently contribute to the inertial response of the system, they can offer a controlled response to system frequency imbalances, which harnesses the stored rotational energy of the blades. Unlike conventional machines, however, the tunable emulated inertial response of a variable speed wind turbine is dependent on the operating condition of the wind turbine and provides a distinct response to conventional generators. In some cases it is possible that inappropriate tuning of such a response could hinder the recovery of the system frequency following an imbalance. In this paper the emulated inertial response from wind generation on power systems of varying size is optimised, and the impact of system conditions on the response required is examined.
      272
  • Publication
    Quantifying the Aggregate Frequency Response from Wind Generation with Synthetic Inertial Response Capability
    (Energynautics GmbH, 2013-10-24) ;
    Modern variable-speed wind turbines, although decoupled from the system frequency, can respond to significant power imbalances through power electronic controls as synthetic inertial or governor-like droop responses. However, frequency response capabilities from wind power plant cannot be considered a direct replacement for traditional frequency responsive services. Before such capabilities should be in- corporated into systems, their most effective implementation should be considered and a methodology for system operation under high synthetic inertia technology penetration should be identified. This paper considers a possible system frequency response requirement from wind generation and investigates issues surrounding quantification and scheduling of the future system resource, taking the combined Ireland and Northern Ireland system as an example. The distribution of local wind speeds, the variation in the response provided by different control structures, as well as the uncertainty associated with the aggregated capability at any one time, and the implications for the development of ancillary service market incentives or grid code requirements are considered. The impact of uncertainty over the aggregate wind response available is assessed and a strategy for the forecasting, management and coordination of such a resource on future power systems is proposed.
      213