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TrickleTree: A Gossiping Approach To Fast And Collision Free Staggered Scheduling

2011-09, Bober, Wojciech, Bleakley, Chris J., Li, Xiaoyun

In recent years, data gathering has received significant attention as an application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Staggered data tree based protocols have been shown to be successful in reducing energy consumption in data gathering scenarios. An important part of staggered protocols is the process of schedule construction. In order to minimize energy consumption, this process must be fast. In this paper, we present TrickleTree, a fast distributed protocol for establishing staggered and collision free communication schedule. TrickleTree has three functions: to establish routes, i.e., construct a data gathering tree, to establish a staggered communication schedule, i.e, assign time slots to links, and to disseminate the maximal tree depth in the network. To minimize network setup time, TrickleTree combines neighborhood discovery and schedule construction into one step. To ensure that good neighbors are discovered before a node joins the network, TrickleTree uses a rating mechanism. Collisions during node association are reduced by using association slots. To increase the message delivery rate with small message overhead, TrickleTree uses adaptive gossiping. We provide a formal analysis of the protocol properties i.e., collision free scheduling and termination. The behavior of the proposed approach is evaluated in simulation. The results show up to 90% in a reduction in schedule setup time and a 50% reduction of duty cycle compared to a flooding approach.

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Publication

Enhanced Beacon Enabled Mode For Improved IEEE 802.15.4 Low Data Rate Performance

2012-01, Li, Xiaoyun, Bleakley, Chris J., Bober, Wojciech

This paper proposes enhancements to IEEE 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled Mode that provide improved network performance and lower power consumption for low data rate applications. The proposed mode utilizes a Synchronous Low Power Listening technique that allows nodes to sleep for multiple Beacon Intervals and subsequently recover Beacon synchronization in a power efficient manner. The proposed mode also incorporates a Periodic Wakeup scheme that allows nodes to transmit at scheduled times during the inactive period. The proposed Enhanced Mode is backward compatible and inter-operable with the original standard. Simulation results show that the proposed Enhanced Mode reduces the power consumption overhead of synchronization by more than 50% for applications with low data rates compared with standard Beacon-Enabled mode. End-to-end delay and packet loss rate are reduced by more than 90% compared with standard Beacon-Enabled mode. The proposal can adapt to the change of traffic load, and prolong the lifetime of the PAN Coordinator by 1–5 times compared to standard Beacon Enabled mode.

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Publication

TrickleTree: A Gossiping Approach To Fast Staggered Scheduling For Data Gathering Wireless Sensor Networks

2010-07-25, Bober, Wojciech, Li, Xiaoyun, Bleakley, Chris J.

In recent years data gathering has received significant attention as an application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Staggered data tree based protocols have been shown to be successful in reducing energy consumption in data gathering scenarios. An important part of staggered protocols is the process of schedule construction. In order to minimize energy consumption, this process must be fast. In this paper we present TrickleTree, a fast distributed protocol for establishing staggered communication schedule. TrickleTree has three functions: to establish routes, i.e. construct a data gathering tree, to establish a staggered communication schedule, i.e. assign time slots to links, and to disseminate the maximal tree depth in the network. To minimize network setup time, TrickleTree combines the neighborhood discovery and scheduling steps. To reduce message overhead, TrickleTree uses adaptive gossiping. The behavior of the proposed approach is evaluated in simulation. The results show up to 90% reduction in schedule setup time and a 50% reduction of duty cycle compared to a flooding approach.