Long, James H.

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Long, James H.
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Long, James H.

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  • Publication
    Manufacturing, assembly, and testing of scaled, historic masonry for one-gravity, pseudo-static, soil-structure experiments
    (Elsevier, 2011-12)
    Laefer, Debra F. 
    ;
    Long, James H. 
    ;
    Cording, Edward J. 
    ;
    Erkal, Aykut 
    ;
    Truong-Hong, Linh 
    In many model-scale experiments, geometric scaling is upheld but kinematic and/or dynamic similitude is not because of the difficulty in manufacturing and assembling small models. This paper describes scaling, manufacturing, assembly, and testing of 1/10th scaled historic masonry materials for one-gravity, pseudo-static, soil-structure testing. Prototype selection, manufacturing limitations, constructibility constraints, and testing decisions are presented, alongside details related to model construction. Compressive, tensile, and shear capacities of one-tenth scale prototype values, as well as failure mechanisms, were achieved by adopting traditional brick extrusion and firing methods, in conjunction with modifying mortar products developed for historic restoration. When scaled-masonry structures were subjected to adjacent excavation, damage levels and patterns and levels were consistent with full-scale, field observations.
      1398Scopus© Citations 28
  • Publication
    Theoretical solutions for strength-scaled unreinforced masonry for scaled soil-structure experimentation
    (ASTM International, 2010-07)
    Laefer, Debra F. 
    ;
    Erkal, Aykut 
    ;
    Cording, Edward J. 
    ;
    Long, James H. 
    ;
    Truong-Hong, Linh 
    Reduced-scale masonry testing offers advantages of lower costs and shorter schedules compared to full-scale testing, but achieving results reflective of full-scale behavior requires development and fulfilment of appropriate scaling relationships. In many model-scale experiments, geometric scaling occurs but kinematic and/or dynamic similitude is not fully satisfied. This paper describes the theoretical basis and evolution of the equations necessary to achieve kinematic similitude for soil-structure testing at one-gravity for unreinforced masonry. Critical considerations relate to preventing the soil from being overloaded. By adopting a standard linear relationship of increased soil stiffness with depth, the controlling principle becomes the application of restricted, scaled loads throughout the entirety of the structure-soil system. As such, material strength and stiffness must be scaled accordingly to respond appropriately under the reduced stress. An example is provided for an adjacent excavation experiment with related empirical verification and computational quantification.
      1505Scopus© Citations 4