Maitre, Bertrand

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Maitre, Bertrand
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Maitre, Bertrand

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  • Publication
    Persistent and consistent poverty in the 1994 and 1995 waves of the European Community Household Panel Study
    (Economic and Social Research Institute, 2000-07)
    Layte, Richard 
    ;
    Maitre, Bertrand 
    ;
    Nolan, Brian 
    ;
    Whelan, Christopher T. 
    In this paper we attempt to contribute to the growing literature on the mismatch observed when comparing income and deprivation measures of poverty through an analysis of the first two waves of the European Community Household Panel Study. We do so by developing for each country measures of point in time income poverty, persistent income poverty and consistent poverty involving both low income and a corresponding level of deprivation. Our analysis shows that the mismatch between income and deprivation measures is greatest at the least generously defined poverty lines. A similar relationship was found for persistence. But, while consistency was related to the overall level of poverty in a country, this was not true for persistence. To develop further our understanding of different poverty measures the relationship of these variables to economic strain is considered. While deprivation has a substantially stronger impact than income a significant interaction between the two factors is found to exist. As a prelude to a systematic multivariate analysis of the determinants of different types of poverty, the final section illustrates the manner in which conclusions about the impact of social class on poverty are affected by the choice of poverty measure and the country under consideration. It proceeds to place these findings in the context of the recent debate on the "democratisation" of poverty.
      442
  • Publication
    Earnings inequality, institutions and the macroeconomy – what can we learn from Ireland’s boom years?
    (University College Dublin. Geary Institute, 2010-03)
    Maitre, Bertrand 
    ;
    Nolan, Brian 
    ;
    Voitchovsky, Sarah 
    Rapid economic growth is often expected to lead to increased returns to education and skills and thus to rising wage inequality. Ireland offers a valuable case study, with distinctive wage-setting institutions and exceptional rates of growth in output, employment and incomes in the Celtic Tiger period from 1994 to 2007. We find that dispersion in (hourly) wage inequality fell sharply to 2000, before increasing though much less sharply to 2007. Returns to both education and work experience declined considerable in the earlier period, while the increase in lower earnings relative to the median was associated with the introduction of the minimum wage in 2000, anchoring the bottom of the distribution. For 2000-2007 the faster increase in higher earnings may be associated with the changing pattern of immigration and of the employment growth in the second half of the boom, Further exploration of the factors at work towards the top of the distribution during these years is an important research priority.
      1742