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Carr, Alan
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Carr, Alan
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Carr, Alan
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- PublicationThe effect of supervisor and trainee therapist gender on supervision discourse.This literature suggests that male supervisors will tend to use more a more directive style and females to use a more collaborative style; that male trainee therapists will use a more resistant style and speak more than their female counterparts and that same gender supervisor-trainee therapist parings will be characterized by greater collaboration and co-operation. While these were our hypotheses, they were nested within the following four main questions which underpinned the design of the study. (1) What impact do the genders of supervisors and trainee therapists have on supervisor discourse style ? (2) What impact do the genders of supervisors and trainee therapists have on trainee therapist discourse style? (3) What impact do the genders of supervisors and trainee therapists have on combinations of particular supervisor and trainee therapist styles and on the degree to which the supervisor dominates the supervision discussion? (4) Are there significant relationship between supervisor and trainee therapist discourse variables within same gender and opposite gender supervisor and trainee therapist systems?
378 - PublicationSupporting parents of adolescent perpetrators of CSAThe importance of parental involvement in the treatment of their adolescent CSA perpetrators cannot be underestimated. One of the defining differences between the fields of adult and adolescent sexual offending is the fact that adolescents are still in a formative stage of development. Parents can still exercise a major influence in re-engaging children back on a normative developmental pathway and reducing future risk to a minimum. It is also important to include parents of adolescent CSA perpetrators in treatment programmes because it is well documented in Irish and international studies that some have significant problems.
419 - PublicationAssessment and treatment of criminogenic needsIn this chapter we will consider the assessment and treatment of criminogenic factors in young people who engage in sexually abusive behaviour. Evidence from the theoretical and research literature will be used to highlight the extent of this problem and the significant role played by a coercive style of family interaction in its aetiology. We put forward our view that a useful approach to tackling non-sexual criminal and antisocial behaviour among juvenile sexual offenders is with reference to the "what works" literature concerning young people who present with Conduct Disorder. Consistent with ideas presenting an aetiological role for dysfunctional family interaction in sexual and nonsexual criminal and antisocial behaviour, the what works literature provides an evidence base that points to a continuum of therapeutic response ranging from parental behavioural training, to functional family therapy, multi-systemic therapy, and special foster care placement. We conclude the chapter by illustrating a functional family therapy approach to assessing, formulating, and intervening with a young person whose sexually abusive behaviour is part of more general criminal and antisocial activities with reference to a case example.
467 - PublicationConclusionsIn order to identify effective prevention programmes we reviewed over 200 studies involving more than 70,000 children. Furthermore, the studies we selected for review were the most methodologically robust that we could find using both computer and manual searches of the English language literature for the past quarter of a century. We can therefore place considerable confidence in our conclusions which are summarized in this chapter. Our conclusions concern the prevention of the following list of problems: 1. developmental delay in low birth weight infants 2. cognitive delays in socially disadvantaged children 3. adjustment problems in children with physical disabilities 4. adjustment problems in children with sensory disabilities 5. adjustment problems in children with autism 6. challenging behaviour in children with intellectual disabilities 7. physical abuse 8. sexual abuse 9. bullying 10. adjustment problems in children with asthma 11. adjustment problems in children with diabetes 12. teenage drug abuse 13. teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection 14. post-traumatic adjustment problems in children and adolescents 15. suicide in adolescence.
146 - PublicationCo-dependency: an empirical study from a systemic perspectiveTo empirically investigate the construct validity of codependency, differences between young adults who scored in the high, medium and low ranges on a measure of codependency on theoretically relevant variables were examined. Compared with individuals who scored low on codependency, those who obtained high scores reported significantly more family of origin difficulties and parental mental health problems; problematic intimate relationships including relationships with chemically dependent partners; and personal psychological problems including compulsivity. However, contrary to prevailing theoretical predictions the high codependency group did not contain more females or individuals whose parents had alcohol or drug abuse problems, nor was there a higher level of childhood physical or sexual abuse in the high codependency group. These results suggest that codependency is one aspect of wider multigenerational family systems problems which are not unique to families where drug and alcohol abuse or physical and sexual abuse are major concerns.
2194 - PublicationEvidence based practice in counselling and psychotherapySince Eysenck's (1952) challenging claim over 40 years ago, that there is little evidence for the effectiveness of psychotherapy, there has been a mushrooming of empirical work on psychological intervention for a wide variety of problems. There is now considerable evidence for the efficacy of individually based psychotherapy and family based interventions for many intrapsychic, interpersonal and medical difficulties for both adults and children.
1242 - PublicationThe development of clinical psychology in the Republic of IrelandIn Ireland clinical psychology emerged in the mid-1950s as an integral part of the public health service for people with mental health problems and intellectual disability. The structure of the profession and training system which evolved were based on the UK model. The number of clinical psychologists, the range of specialisms in which they work and roles that clinical psychologist fulfil have developed significantly especially during the 21st century. PSI, psychologists within the public health service, and the four clinical psychology training programmes have worked together to foster the growth of the profession. Clinical psychology research and textbooks have been published by Irish clinical psychologists, and they have also had significant media presence. Clinical psychologists also had a significant impact on major societal issues such as CSA. Statutory registration is the next major profession development on the horizon for the profession of clinical psychology in the Republic of Ireland
1061 - PublicationIntroductionThis volume presents results from a series of empirical studies conducted in the field of child protection in Ireland. The studies throw light of the epidemiology of child sexual abuse (CSA), profiles of CSA survivors and perpetrators and their families, and important treatment-related issues. In this chapter an overview of key findings from the studies described in the remainder of the volume is presented.
389 - PublicationFactors related to the adjustment of siblings following sudden infant deathParticipants in this study were 119 siblings of children who had died from sudden infant death and their parents. This non-representative self-selected group, were profiled as 11 year old boys or girls from middle or upper-middle class intact families whose siblings had died a sudden death about 7 years before the study. Mothers who participated were in their late 30s and fathers were in the early 50s, with a third of families being rurally based and the rest living in urban settings. 18% obtained T-scores above the cut-off of 63 on the total problem scale or the Child Behaviour Checklist. These clinical cases had lower self-esteem and a more external locus of control compared with the rest of the group. Their fathers and mothers also had lower self-esteem and their mothers were more poorly psychologically adjusted. Compared with the non-clinical group, both mothers and fathers in the clinical group perceived marked problems in family functioning. From a wide range of measures of personal, parental and family characteristics, siblings' self-esteem, maternal mental health and siblings' locus of control were identified in a series of stepwise multiple regression analyses as the most significant predictors of siblings' adjustment.
342 - PublicationDepression and power in marriageTo investigate the association between depression and power within marriage, 14 couples in which the female partner was depressed were compared with 14 non-depressed couples on a range of variables which assessed power bases, processes and outcomes, three domains identified in Cromwell & Olson's (1975) analysis of marital power.
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