Options
Brennan, Lorraine
Preferred name
Brennan, Lorraine
Official Name
Brennan, Lorraine
Research Output
Now showing 1 - 10 of 26
- PublicationMetabolomic analysis of bovine pre-implantation embryos(CSIRO Publishing, 2009-12-08)
; ; ; ; 588 - PublicationBiomarkers of legume intake in human intervention and observational studies: a systematic review(BioMed Central, 2018-09-10)
; ; ; ; There is a growing interest in assessing dietary intake more accurately across different population groups and biomarkers have emerged as a complementary tool to replace traditional dietary assessment methods. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature available and evaluate the applicability and validity of biomarkers of legume intake reported across various observational and intervention studies. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge identified 44 studies which met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results from observational studies focused on soy or soy-based foods and demonstrated positive correlations between soy intake and urinary, plasma or serum isoflavonoid levels in different population groups. Similarly, intervention studies demonstrated increased genistein and daidzein levels in urine and plasma following soy intake. Both genistein and daidzein exhibited dose response relationships. Other isoflavonoid levels such as O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) and equol were also reported to increase following soy consumption. Using a developed scoring system, genistein and daidzein can be considered as promising candidate markers for soy consumption. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein also served as good estimates of soy intake as evidenced from long term exposure studies marking their status as validated biomarkers. On the contrary, only few studies indicated proposed biomarkers for pulses intake; with pipecolic acid and S-Methylcysteine reported as markers reflecting dry bean consumption; unsaturated aliphatic, hydroxyl-dicarboxylic acid related to green beans intake and trigonelline reported as marker of peas consumption. However, data regarding criteria such as specificity, dose-response and time-response relationship, reliability, feasibility etc. to evaluate the validity of these markers is lacking. In conclusion, despite many studies suggesting proposed biomarkers for soy, there is a lack of information on markers of other different subtypes of legumes. Further discovery and validation studies are needed in order to identify reliable biomarkers of legume intake.Scopus© Citations 28 501 - PublicationMetabolomic Based Approach to Identify Biomarkers of Apple Intake(Wiley, 2020-06)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; SCOPE:There is an increased interest in developing biomarkers of food intake to address some of the limitations associated with self-reported data. The objective was to identify biomarkers of apple intake, examine dose-response relationships and agreement with self-reported data. METHODS AND RESULTS:Metabolomic data from three studies were examined: an acute intervention, a short-term intervention and a free-living cohort study. Fasting and postprandial urine samples were collected for analysis by 1 H-NMR and LC-MS. Calibration curves were developed to determine apple intake and classify individuals into categories of intake. Multivariate analysis of data revealed that levels of multiple metabolites increased significantly post-apple consumption, compared to the control food- broccoli. In the dose-response study, urinary xylose, epicatechin sulfate and 2, 6-dimethyl-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran increased as apple intake increased. Urinary xylose concentrations in a free-living cohort performed poorly at an individual level but were capable of ranking individuals in categories of intake. CONCLUSION:Urinary xylose exhibited a dose-response relationship with apple intake and performed well as a ranking biomarker in the population study. Other potential biomarkers were identified and future work will combine these with xylose in a biomarker panel which may allow for a more objective determination of individual intake.484Scopus© Citations 10 - PublicationImpact of Sample Storage on the NMR Fecal Water Metabolome(ACS, 2018-12-05)
; ; ; ; The study of the fecal metabolome is an important area of research to better understand the human gut microbiome and its impact on human health and diseases. However, there is a lack of work in examining the impact of storage and processing conditions on the metabolite levels of fecal water. Furthermore, there is no universal protocol used for the storage of fecal samples and preparation of fecal water. The objective of the current study was to examine the impact of different storage conditions on fecal samples prior to metabolite extraction. Fecal samples obtained from nine healthy individuals were processed under different conditions: (1) fresh samples prepared immediately after collection, (2) fecal samples stored at 4 °C for 24 h prior to processing, and (3) fecal samples stored at −80 °C for 24 h prior to processing. All samples were analyzed using NMR spectroscopy, multivariate statistical analysis, and repeated measures ANOVA. Samples which were frozen at −80 °C prior to extraction of the metabolites exhibited an increase in the number of metabolites including branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Storage of fecal samples at 4 °C ensured higher fidelity to freshly processed samples leading to the recommendation that fecal samples should not be frozen prior to extraction of fecal water. Furthermore, the work highlights the need to standardize sample storage of fecal samples to allow for the accurate study of the fecal metabolome.327Scopus© Citations 16 - PublicationThe Relationship between Fish Intake and Urinary Trimethylamine-N-Oxide(Wiley, 2020-02)
; ; ; ; ; ; Scope: Fish intake is reported to be associated with certain health benefits; however, accurate assessment of fish intake is still problematic. The objective of this study is to identify fish intake biomarkers and examine relationships with health parameters in a free‐living population. Methods and results: In the NutriTech study, ten participants randomized into the fish group consume increasing quantities of fish for 3 days per week for 3 weeks. Urine is analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), dimethylamine, and dimethyl sulfone are identified and display significant dose–response with intake (p < 0.05). Fish consumption yields a greater increase in urinary TMAO compared to red meat. Biomarker‐derived fish intake is calculated in the National Adult Nutrition Survey cross‐sectional study. However, the correlation between fish intake and TMAO (r = 0.148, p < 0.01) and that between fish intake and calculated fish intake (r = 0.142, p < 0.01) are poor. In addition, TMAO shows significantly positive correlation with serum insulin and insulin resistance in males and the relationship is more pronounced for males with high dietary fat intake. Conclusion: Urinary TMAO displays a strong dose–response relationship with fish intake; however, use of TMAO alone is insufficient to determine fish intake in a free‐living population.Scopus© Citations 23 248 - PublicationEstimation of chicken intake using metabolomics derived markers(Oxford University Press, 2017-10-01)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; Background: Improved assessment of meat intake using metabolomics derived markers can provide objective data and could be helpful in clarifying proposed associations between meat intake and health.Objective: The objective was to identify novel markers of chicken intake using a metabolomics approach, and use markers to determine intake in an independent cohort. Methods: Ten participants (age, 62 y; BMI, 28.25 Kg/m2) in NutriTech Food Intake Study (NCT01684917) consumed increased amounts of chicken from 88 to 290 g/day over three weeks. Urine and blood samples were analyzed by NMR and MS, respectively. Multivariate data analysis was performed to identify markers associated with chicken intake. A calibration curve was built based on dose response association using NutriTech data. Bland and Altman analysis evaluated the agreement between reported and calculated chicken intake in National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) cohort. Results: Multivariate data analysis of postprandial and fasting urine samples collected in NutriTech revealed good discrimination between high (290 g/day) and low (88 g/day) chicken intakes. Urinary metabolite profiles showed differences in metabolite levels between low and high chicken intakes. Examining metabolite profiles revealed guanidoacetate significantly increased from 1.47 to 3.66 mmol/L following increasing chicken intake from 88 to 290 g/day (P < 0.01). Using a calibration curve developed from NutriTech study, chicken intake was calculated in NANS, where chicken consumers had higher guanidoacetate excretion (0.70 mmol/L) than non-consumers (0.47 mmol/L) (P < 0.01). Bland and Altman analysis revealed good agreement between reported and calculated intakes with a bias of -30.2g/day. Plasma metabolite analysis demonstrated that 3-methylhistidine (3-Meth-His) was a more suitable indicator of chicken intake compared with 1-methylhistidine (1-Meth-His). Conclusions: Guanidoacetate was successfully identified and confirmed as a marker of chicken intake, and importantly its measurement in fasting urine samples could be used to determine chicken intake in a free-living population.556Scopus© Citations 22 - PublicationPersonalised interventions - A precision approach for the next generation of dietary intervention studiesDiet is a key modifiable risk factor for non-communicable diseases. However, we currentlyare not benefiting from the full potential of its protective effects. This is due to a number of reasons, including high individual variability in response to certain diets. It is now well acknowledged that in order to gain the full benefit of dietary regimes it is essential to take into account individual responses. With this in mind, the present review examines the concept of precision nutrition and the performance of n-of-1 studies, and discusses the development of certain approaches that will be critical for development of the concepts.
516Scopus© Citations 52 - PublicationMetabolomics Based Dietary Biomarkers in Nutritional Epidemiology‐ Current Status and Future OpportunitiesThe application of metabolomics in nutrition epidemiology holds great promise and there is a high expectation that it will play a leading role in deciphering the interactions between diet and health. However, while significant progress has been made in identification of putative biomarkers more work is needed to address the use of the biomarkers in dietary assessment. The aim of this review to critically evaluate progress in these areas and to identify challenges that need to be addressed going forward. The notable applications of dietary biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology include (1) Determination of food intake based on biomarkers levels and calibration equations from feeding studies (2) Classification of individuals into dietary patterns based on the urinary metabolic profile and (3) Application of metabolome-wide-association studies. Further work is needed to address some specific challenges to enable biomarkers to reach their full potential.
915Scopus© Citations 68 - PublicationPotential of food intake biomarkers in nutrition researchThe influence of dietary habits on health/disease is well-established. Accurate dietary assessment is essential to understand metabolic pathways/processes involved in this relationship. In recent years, biomarker discovery has become a major area of interest for improving dietary assessment. Well-established nutrient intake biomarkers exist, however, there is growing interest in identifying and using biomarkers for more accurate and objective measurements of food intake. Metabolomics has emerged as a key tool used for biomarker discovery, employing techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, or mass-spectrometry. To date, a number of putatively identified biomarkers were discovered for foods including meat, cruciferous vegetables and legumes. However, many of the results are associations only and lack the desired validation including dose-response studies. Food intake biomarkers can be employed to classify individuals into consumers/ non-consumers of specific foods or, into dietary patters. Food intake biomarkers can play a role in correcting self-reported measurement error, thus improving dietary intake estimates. Quanitification of food intake was previously performed for citrus (proline betaine), chicken (guanidoacetate) and grape (tartaric acid) intake. However, this area still requires more investigation and expansion to a range of foods. The present review will assess current literature of identified specific food intake biomarkers, their validation and the variety of biomarker uses. Addressing utility of biomarkers and highlighting gaps in this area is important to advance the field in the context of nutrition research.
510Scopus© Citations 6 - PublicationDemonstration of the utility of biomarkers for dietary intake assessment; proline betaine as an example(Wiley, 2017)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; Scope: There is a dearth of studies demonstrating the use of dietary biomarkers for determination of food intake. The objective of this study was to develop calibration curves for use in quantifying citrus intakes in an independent cohort. Methods and results: Participants (n=50) from the NutriTech food-intake study consumed standardized breakfasts for three consecutive days over three consecutive weeks. Orange juice intake decreased over the weeks. Urine samples were analyzed by NMR-spectroscopy and proline betaine was quantified and normalized to osmolality. Calibration curves were developed and used to predict citrus intake in an independent cohort; the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (n=565). Proline betaine displayed a dose-response relationship to orange juice intake in 24h and fasting samples (p<0.001). In a test set, predicted orange juice intakes displayed excellent agreement with true intake. There were significant associations between predicted intake measured in 24h and fasting samples and true intake(r=0.710- 0.919). Citrus intakes predicted for the NANS cohort demonstrated good agreement with self-reported intake and this agreement improved following normalization to osmolality. Conclusion: The developed calibration curves successfully predicted citrus intakes in an independent cohort. Expansion of this approach to other foods will be important for the development of objective intake measurements.Scopus© Citations 57 863
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »