Manzocchi, Tom

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Manzocchi, Tom
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Manzocchi, Tom

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  • Publication
    Static and dynamic connectivity in bed-scale models of faulted and unfaulted turbidites
    (Geological Society, London, 2007)
    Manzocchi, Tom 
    ;
    Walsh, John J. 
    ;
    Tomasso, Mark 
    ;
    Strand, Julian 
    ;
    Childs, Conrad 
    ;
    Haughton, Peter D. W. 
    A range of unfaulted and faulted bed-scale models with sheet-like bed geometries have been built and analysed in terms of static bed connectivity and fractional permeability assuming permeable sands and impermeable shales. The models are built using a new method which allows amalgamation ratio to be included explicitly as model input and this property, rather than net:gross ratio, is found to be the dominant control on inter-bed connectivity. The connectivity of faulted sequences is much more complex and is dominated by interactions of variables. A comprehensive modelling suite illustrates these results and highlights the extremely rare combinations of circumstances in which faulted sequences have lower connectivities than their unfaulted sedimentological equivalents, irrespective of whether fault rock properties are included or not. In general, models containing stochastically placed shale smears associated with each faulted shale horizon are better connected than if deterministic Shale Gouge Ratio cut-offs are applied. Despite the complex interactions between geological input and bed-scale connectivity, the flow properties of a system are controlled by only three geometrical, rather than geological, variables describing connectivity, anisotropy and resolution. If two different faulted or unfaulted systems have identical values of these three variables they will have the same flow properties.
      787Scopus© Citations 43
  • Publication
    Geometrical analysis of the refraction and segmentation of normal faults in periodically layered sequences
    (Elsevier, 2007-02)
    Schöpfer, Martin P. J. 
    ;
    Childs, Conrad 
    ;
    Walsh, John J. 
    ;
    Manzocchi, Tom 
    ;
    Koyi, Hemin A. 
    Normal faults contained in multilayers are often characterised by dip refraction which is generally attributed to differences in the mechanical properties of the layers, sometimes leading to different modes of fracture. Because existing theoretical and numerical schemes are not yet capable of predicting the 3D geometries of normal faults through inclined multilayer sequences, a simple geometric model is developed which predicts that such faults should show either strike refraction or fault segmentation or both. From a purely geometrical point of view a continuous refracting normal fault will exhibit strike (i.e. map view) refraction in different lithologies if the intersection lineation of fault and bedding is inclined. An alternative outcome of dip refraction in inclined multilayers is the formation of segmented faults exhibiting en échelon geometry. The degree of fault segmentation should increase with increasing dip of bedding, and a higher degree of segmentation is expected in less abundant lithologies. Strike changes and associated fault segmentation predicted by our geometrical model are tested using experimental analogue modelling. The modelling reveals that normal faults refracting from pure dip-slip predefined faults into an overlying (sand) cover will, as predicted, exhibit systematically stepping segments if the base of the cover is inclined.
      546Scopus© Citations 40