Exploring Social Acceptance of the Bioeconomy: A Case Study of the South-West Region of Ireland

The bioeconomy has emerged as an important source of sustainable economic development, based on renewable biological resources. Its success depends not only on technological innovation but also on societal acceptance of the innovation. This PhD research examines the acceptance of land use practices and infrastructure related to bioeconomy innovations in a regional context, focusing on two key stakeholder groups: the public and farmers. Ireland's southwest region was selected because of its strong bioeconomy potential, which is characterised by an active agricultural sector, relevant industries, and research performing organisations. Grounded in theoretical perspectives based on extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), this thesis is structured around two empirical studies. Study 1 investigates public acceptance of land use alternatives and the siting of bioeconomy infrastructure, using data collected through an online survey. Study 2 focuses on farmers' acceptance of biomass supply to anaerobic digestion (AD) and grass biorefinery (GB) facilities, drawing on survey data from farmers across the region. For the public, acceptance of GB is hindered by its novelty; intention does not lead to support as it does for AD. Trust and perceived control are especially critical in shaping GB support, highlighting the need for more engagement and familiarity. In contrast, AD benefits from higher familiarity and more established behavioural pathways. Among farmers, GB acceptance is influenced strongly by perceived behavioural control, with direct and indirect effects from willingness to acceptance, indicating more operational confidence. AD acceptance, however, follows a sequential pathway requiring intention and is more strongly shaped by trust, justice, and social norms. The results show that although factors matter, their influence varies based on the technology and the stakeholders. Accordingly, the thesis provides insights for policymakers to develop engagement strategies based on context and customised to the unique motivations of farmers and the public.