A Fully Integrated GaN Dual-Channel Power Amplifier With Crosstalk Suppression for 5G Massive MIMO Transmitters

We present a broadband dual-channel power amplifier (PA) with crosstalk suppression for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communications. Operation of MIMO system with crosstalk is theoretically evaluated for two popular coding schemes including the space-time coding and linear precoding. Design challenges of a multi-channel PA on a single chip are investigated and circuit techniques, including second-harmonic trapping integrated into the output matching network and the use of back-via lines to isolate the channels, are proposed to mitigate the inter-channel crosstalk. A fully integrated dual-channel PA prototype, implemented using a 250-nm GaN-on-SiC process, provides 34.9–36.3 dBm output power, 44–49% power-added efficiency (PAE), 11.3–12.3 dB power gain, 31.0–34.2 dB second-harmonic rejection, and –28.1 dB to –25.7 dB inter-channel crosstalk across 4.5–6.5 GHz. For a 100-MHz 256-QAM signal with 7.2 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), the PA achieves 29.9 dBm average output power, 30% average PAE–, 38.2/–39.1 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), and –28.2 dB (3.9%) rms error vector magnitude (EVM), without using digital predistortion (DPD). Effect of crosstalk on linearity of the dual-channel PA is also measured and it is shown that for a 256-QAM signal EVM can increase by 3–8 dB, depending on relative power levels of the two channels.