Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensing without a lenslet array using a digital micromirror device

The common Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensor makes use of a lenslet array to sample in-parallel optical wavefronts. Here, we introduce a Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensor that employs a digital micromirror device in combination with a single lens for serial sampling by scanning. Sensing is analyzed numerically and validated experimentally using a deformable mirror operated in closed-loop adaptive optics with a conventional Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensor, as well as with a set of ophthalmic trial lenses, to generate controllable amounts of monochromatic aberrations. The new sensor is free of crosstalk and can potentially operate at kilohertz speed. It offers a reconfigurable aperture that can exclude unwanted parts of the wavefront.