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Nutrigenomics: lessons learned and future perspectives

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Download Brennan and deRoos, AJCN 2021.docx375.28 KB
Author(s)
Brennan, Lorraine 
de Roos, Baukje 
Uri
http://hdl.handle.net/10197/13014
Date Issued
29 January 2021
Date Available
25T15:10:59Z July 2022
Abstract
The omics technologies of metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metagenomics are playing an increasingly important role in nutrition science. With the emergence of the concept of precision nutrition and the need to understand individual responses to dietary interventions, it is an opportune time to examine the impact of these tools to date in human nutrition studies. Advances in our mechanistic understanding of dietary interventions were realized through incorporation of metabolomics, proteomics, and, more recently, metagenomics. A common observation across the studies was the low intra-individual variability of the omics measurements and the high inter-individual variation. Harnessing this data for use in the development of precision nutrition will be important. Metabolomics in particular has played a key role in the development of biomarkers of food intake in an effort to enhance the accuracy of dietary assessments. Further work is needed to realize the full potential of such biomarkers and to demonstrate integration with current strategies, with the goal of overcoming the well-established limitations of self-reported approaches. Although many of the nutrigenomic studies performed to date were labelled as proof-of-concept or pilot studies, there is ample evidence to support the use of these technologies in nutrition science. Incorporating omic technologies from the start of study designs will ensure that studies are sufficiently powered for such data. Furthermore, multi-disciplinary collaborations are likely to become even more important to aid analyses and interpretation of the data.
Sponsorship
European Research Council
Other Sponsorship
Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division
Type of Material
Journal Article
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Journal
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume
113
Issue
3
Start Page
503
End Page
516
Copyright (Published Version)
2021 the Authors
Keywords
  • Humans

  • Weight loss

  • Nutritional status

  • Eating

  • Research design

  • Nutrigenomics

  • Biomarkers

  • Precision medicine

DOI
10.1093/ajcn/nqaa366
Language
English
Status of Item
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0002-9165
This item is made available under a Creative Commons License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ie/
Owning collection
Agriculture and Food Science Research Collection
Scopus© citations
14
Acquisition Date
Mar 20, 2023
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