Can a regional approach be applied to achieve eradication of bovine tuberculosis in Ireland?

Given the lack of progress in recent years, new approaches must be considered in relation to the eradication of bovine tuberculosis (TB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis) in Ireland. This study examines the potential effectiveness of a regional approach within a broader national eradication programme, as requested by the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM). Drawing on international experiences, the Scientific Working Group (SWG) of the national TB Stakeholder Forum evaluated the potential value of a regional approach for bovine TB eradication, the criteria that should be used to select regions, and the measures required to achieve – and subsequently maintain – freedom from infection. Regionalisation is a key tool in disease control, delineating subpopulations with defined health statuses within geographic boundaries. Using this approach, disease control and surveillance can be differentiated based on risk, to prioritise resource allocation and protect lower risk areas. The SWG underscores the necessity of regionalisation within a comprehensive strategic framework, including careful consideration of external biosecurity measures and stakeholder engagement. Criteria to guide the selection of region(s) should consider factors relating to the potential inward movement of M. bovis into the region (inward cattle movement, geographical boundaries, trade flows, land fragmentation), factors that impact the effective control of all infection sources within the region (TB levels in cattle, regional administration, badger controls), and stakeholder commitment. All countries that have progressed towards or achieved bovine TB eradication have applied a regional approach within a national eradication programme. Many of the above-mentioned technical measures already form part of the national eradication programme in Ireland; the primary additional measure to achieve and maintain regional freedom from infection relates to cattle trading. This research contributes to ongoing discussion on control strategies for bovine TB, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches informed by scientific evidence and stakeholder engagement.