Learning support mechanisms in SEA: a review of the potential to optimize outcomes

The learning that happens throughout Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) processes is central to improving SEA practice over time. When learning is an integral part of SEA, it can also transform individuals, organisations and decisions towards greater environmental awareness, more effective processes, better environmental integration and, ultimately, more sustainable outcomes. While a growing body of literature explores learning in environmental assessment, there is a dearth of research on what mechanisms better support various knowledge needs, learning approaches and outcomes. This paper attempts to address this gap by reviewing common SEA learning-support strategies and materials in the international literature to identify opportunities for tailoring learning for the various actors engaged in the assessment process. On this basis, recommendations are put forward for facilitating the efficient integration of learning in SEA and, thus, optimising learning outcomes for all. These set the basis for empirical research needed to advance our understanding of what mechanisms best support learning through SEA.