Social transformation, collective categories and identity change

Changes in collective categories of identity are at the core of social transformation. The
causal linkages between identity change, institutional change and change in modes of
practice are, however, complex. Developing and adapting ideas from Pierre Bourdieu’s
work, this article shows the coexistence in tension of a plurality of elements – in
particular oppositional and non-oppositional elements - within each collective identity
category. On this basis, it proposes a typology of logically possible responses at the level of identity to socio-political change. This allows an explanation of patterns of identity change in terms of wider social processes and resource distribution, while remaining
open to the sense and complexity of the individual's experience, and the moments of
intentionality which arise when individuals face choices as to the direction of change.
The worth of the model is shown by analysis of modes of identity change in a society
presently experiencing radical change in socio-political structures - post-Good-Friday
Agreement Northern Ireland.