Computational Modelling and Experimental Development of Novel Liquid Air Energy Storage Systems

As the planet shifts towards sustainable energy, the need for efficient, scalable, and geographically flexible energy storage solutions is paramount. LAES systems, characterized by their geographical independence, long lifespan, and potential for leveraging existing industrial infrastructure, are emerging as a viable solution to this challenge. The research presented in this thesis encompasses the development and analysis of innovative approaches to enhance the efficiency and integration capabilities of LAES systems. A significant focus is placed on the novel concept of using packed beds for the direct liquefaction and regasification of air, aiming to improve the energy performance of the system. A comprehensive model, formulated and refined using data from various sources, is introduced to evaluate this concept. Experimental investigations, including the development of a packed bed experimental pilot rig, demonstrate the conceptual viability of this approach. The performance of the packed bed system, particularly in terms of energy efficiency, is critically assessed. Additionally, the thesis explores the integration of cryogenic CO2 capture in packed beds within LAES systems. A new model for cryogenic CO2 capture is developed. A parametric study using this model investigates the impact of a number of parameters on the performance of this cryogenic CO2 capture system. Building on these findings, the thesis finally proposes an innovative LAES system which integrates the packed bed model developed in this thesis into an LAES system. This packed bed LAES integrated system shows potential for high round-trip efficiency of up to 76%, and its modular nature makes it suitable for integration with external cold energy sources, such as LNG regasification terminals.