RoCoF-Constrained Scheduling Incorporating Non-Synchronous Residential Demand Responsee

Demand response has the potential to provide a multitude of operating reserve categories. However, if integrated at scale, the non-synchronous nature of most demand response sources must be recognised within the operational rules of low inertia power systems. Here, a candidate non-synchronous reserve resource is considered within the scheduling and frequency stability time frames. It is shown that a detrimental impact on the post-contingency rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) can arise, potentially requiring the development of system operator policies to ensure that security standards are not compromised, as the volume of reserve available from non-synchronous reserve resources increases. A commitment-and-dispatch RoCoF constraint within scheduling procedures is proposed, which is independently verified using time domain simulations.