U.S. Housing Outcomes by Race, Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation, 2005–2021

Using American Community Survey data from 2005 to 2021, we document differences in housing outcomes by race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Relative to White couples, Black couples have substantially lower homeownership probabilities and home values. The Hispanic-White gap in housing outcomes is smaller than the Black-White gap. With respect to sexual orientation, same-sex couples have lower ownership probabilities than married, different-sex couples. By revealing where inequities in housing exist, our results can inform policies to close the gaps in housing outcomes.