Resilience in Asylum Seekers and Refugees in the European Union (EU) and Ireland

Asylum seekers and refugees (ASRs) face numerous challenges both before and after migration. Despite this, many exhibit an ability to cope with and adjust to adversity. The aim of this thesis is to examine factors that facilitate resilience in adult ASRs within the European Union (EU) and specifically within Ireland's direct provision system–a system that accommodates individuals awaiting asylum application decisions. Through a systematic review of 21 studies on resilience among ASRs post- migration to EU countries, the narrative synthesis identified four key themes important for resilience: relationships and social connections, cultural and environmental factors, personal growth and meaning, as well as cognitive, emotional, and behavioural coping strategies. An empirical study utilising reflexive thematic analysis revealed that environmental and situational contexts, social and community support, individual coping mechanisms, along with family dynamics and parenting roles, contribute to the resilience of ASRs in direct provision. Across both studies, resilience in this group occurs at multiple levels, involving individual, familial, community, societal, and cultural factors. Although ASRs show significant resilience in facing challenges, their ability to do so effectively depends on a supportive environment. This thesis discusses resilience from a social-ecological perspective, offering a comprehensive view of the factors that enhance ASRs’ independence and their capacity to contribute positively to society. From both a practical and policy standpoint, it is clear that holistic strategies addressing the full spectrum of influences on ASRs’ resilience are crucial. Such strategies are essential for providing comprehensive support that enables their autonomy and facilitates their integration into new communities.