Numerical Tools to Understand the Concept of Directivity in Acoustics

The concept of directivity is fundamental in acoustics, particularly in the study of the sound radiation patterns of sources such as loudspeakers and transducers. However, its mathematical and physical understanding often presents challenges for students. To address this difficulty, this work explores the application of numerical tools, specifically the Finite Element Method (FEM), to simulate the behavior of a piston radiating in an infinite baffle. Through FEM-based simulations, students can visualize the impact of frequency, piston dimensions, and boundary conditions on the directivity pattern. These simulations provide an interactive and intuitive approach to understanding how wave propagation and diffraction phenomena shape the radiation pattern of acoustic sources. This work presents a structured methodology for incorporating FEM simulations into acoustics courses within subjects such as General Physics, Wave and Vibration Physics, and Acoustics, highlighting their role in enhancing conceptual learning. The results illustrate how numerical modeling complements theoretical lessons, fostering deeper understanding through graphical representations and parametric studies. The findings suggest that integrating computational simulations into education not only reinforces theoretical knowledge but also promotes analytical thinking and problem-solving skills among students. The proposed approach can be extended to other topics in wave physics, serving as a bridge between abstract theory and practical applications.