Can fetal macrosomia be predicted and prevented?

The macrosomic fetus is at risk of perinatal complications such as shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, clavicular fracture, and meconium aspiration. In the neonatal period, macrosomic infants are at risk of hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypomagnesemia. The mother of a macrosomic infant is at increased risk of prolonged labor, operative vaginal delivery, perineal trauma, and caesarean section.