Non-Linear Response of Structures to Characteristic Loading Scenarios

To assess the safety of an existing bridge, the traffic loads to which it may be subjected in its lifetime
need to be accurately quantified. In this paper the 75 year characteristic maximum traffic load effects are
found using a carefully calibrated traffic load simulation model. To generate the bridge loading scenarios,
an extensive weigh in motion (WIM) database, from three different European countries, is used.
Statistical distributions for vehicle weights, inter-vehicle gaps and other characteristics are derived from
the measurements, and are used as the basis for Monte Carlo simulations of traffic representing many
years. An advantage of this “long-run” simulation approach is that it provides information on typical
extreme traffic loading scenarios. This makes possible a series of nonlinear finite element analyses of a
reinforced concrete bridge to determine the response to typical characteristic maximum loadings.