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Hypoxia: Turning vessels into vassals of cancer immunotolerance
Author(s)
Date Issued
2020-09-01
Date Available
2021-07-12T15:23:50Z
Abstract
Hypoxia is a universal feature of solid cancers caused by a mismatch between cellular oxygen supply and consumption. To meet the increased demand for oxygen, hypoxic cancer cells (CCs) induce a multifaceted process known as angiogenesis, wherein new vessels are formed by the sprouting of pre-existing ones. In addition to providing oxygen for growth and an exit route for dissemination, angiogenic vessels and factors are co-opted by CCs to enable the generation of an immunotolerant, hypoxic tumor microenvironment, leading to therapeutic failure and mortality. In this review, we discuss how hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the unfolded protein response (UPR) control angiogenic factors serving both vascular and immunomodulatory functions in the tumor microenvironment. Possible therapeutic strategies, wherein targeting oxygen sensing might enhance anti-angiogenic and immunologically-mediated anti-cancer responses, are suggested.
Sponsorship
University College Dublin
Type of Material
Journal Article
Publisher
Elsevier
Journal
Cancer Letters
Volume
487
Start Page
74
End Page
84
Copyright (Published Version)
2020 the Authors
Language
English
Status of Item
Peer reviewed
ISSN
0304-3835
This item is made available under a Creative Commons License
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