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Todd, Jennifer
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Todd, Jennifer
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Todd, Jennifer
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- PublicationA politics of transition in Britain, France and SpainThe decade of the 1990s saw the beginning of a new phase of globalisation and continuing European integration, the collapse of socialism and the triumph of neo-liberalism, the mainstreaming of cultural postmodernism and the intensification of identity politics. It was a period of transition in political institutions, demands and expectations. The political discourse associated with these changes was radical: this was a global age, hybrid, regionalist, postnationalist, and above all 'new'. But just how radical were the political changes, and did they signal a new convergence across European states? This book is a study of the changing forms of the state, and in particular of changing centre- periphery relations, in Britain, France and Spain. It analyses the character and extent of the changes and their causes and consequences, not just territorially but also institutionally in the area of policing. It identifies the degree of convergence in the three states.
407 - PublicationA puzzle concerning borders and identities: towards a typology of attitudes to the Irish borderState borders are typically held to shape categories of national identification. This paper explores this interrelationship in the light of empirical evidence drawn from research in the Irish border area. It begins by outlining a schema, drawn from the literature, which posits a movement from contestation of borders, to institutionalisation, to transgression. It then proceeds to show how this is reflected in scholarly and political interpretations of attitudes towards the Irish border. However, the paper argues that the typology which this schema suggests is not supported by the research, which has found little impact of state borders on categories of national identification. It concludes by arguing for a reinterpretation of the relationship between the character of states, borders and identity formation.
349 - PublicationBreaking Patterns of Conflict in Northern Ireland: New PerspectivesThis volume focuses on the changes in the state frameworks, laws and practices that ac-companied, facilitated and encouraged the process of settlement which led to the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, and the later transformation of institutions and political relations in Northern Ireland and also on these islands. It explores the interrelations of different levels of state and institutional change. These range from the broadest concepts of sovereignty and ideology, through elite political assumptions and strategies, through inter-state coordination practices, to the actual impact of large changes on particular institutions and laws – the impact in such areas as the new British-Irish institutional architecture, and new legal norms, such as those governing broadcasting. In this introductory article, we review the broad field that the special issue addresses, we indicate how it is tackled in the articles that follow, and we discuss the data sources that are available to support this analysis.
231 - PublicationExplaining settlement in Northern Ireland : power, perception and path dependenceThis paper criticizes four typical explanations of settlement of internal conflicts, showing that they fail to give an adequate explanation of the 1998 settlement in Northern Ireland. Instead of inductively searching for recurrent proximate factors or proceeding deductively by applying general theoretical models to settlement processes, it suggests that it may be more fruitful to search for underlying path dependent processes which regulate how the factors highlighted in the other approaches function.
158 - PublicationTrajectories of identity change : explaining the persistence of collective oppositionThis article explores the micro-level mechanisms that reproduce collective opposition. It uses a typology of identity change to compare individual narratives in two situations where there are strong incentives to change and different outcomes: religious distinction in post-conflict Northern Ireland where opposition continues and in contemporary Southern France where it is rapidly diminishing. The directions of identity change are parallel in each case, but in Northern Ireland change is experienced as crisis-ridden and prone to reversal. The mechanisms hindering change are not 'ethnic' but cultural-cognitive: the socio-symbolic context requires that change be radical if it is not to be reversible. `
864 - PublicationThe Vulnerability of the Northern Ireland Settlement: British Irish Relations, Political Crisis and BrexitThe Good Friday Agreement of 1998 is the cornerstone of stability in Northern Ireland. It is, however, vulnerable to changes in British-Irish relations and priorities. This article argues that this is at the root of recent crises and political stalemate in Northern Ireland. It argues that future shocks - not least the threat of British exit from the EU - are likely to increase instability in Northern Ireland and in North-South relations.
804 - PublicationFrom 'a shared future' to 'cohesion, sharing and integration': an analysis of Northern Ireland's policy framework documentsThe task set for the Institute for British Irish Studies, University College Dublin (IBIS) was to compare and contrast two policy documents: ‘A Shared Future: Improving Relations in Northern Ireland’ (March 2005) and the ‘Programme for Cohesion, Sharing and Integration’ (July 2010) and to comment on significant differences between the documents in light of current international scholarship and research on issues of identity, cultural difference and social division in conflict and post-conflict situations.
94 - PublicationEquality as steady state or equality as threshold? Northern Ireland after the Good Friday (Belfast) Agreement, 1998It is possible to identify two starkly opposed positions on the regulation of ethnic conflict.1 On the one hand, there is the view that such conflict is in important part driven by a popular perception of unequal treatment on the basis of ethnic category, such that the equal recognition of opposed ethnic identities, equal institutional opportunities and provisions for cultural expression, equality for opposed national aspirations, and an equalisation of group economic condition allows a diminution of conflict and a moderation of ethnic demands. On the other hand, there is the view that ethnic conflict is primarily elite-driven with elites framing popular grievances in ethnic terms, so that the institutionalisation of ethnic equality and more generally the appeasement of ethnic demands rewards intransigence among leaders and congeals social divisions. Debates on the relative priorities of defeating terrorism or of remedying the grievances of subjected populations refer to precisely these principles, as do debates on the role of egalitarian measures (from affirmative action policies to consociational institutions) in ethnic conflict prevention and regulation.2
312Scopus© Citations 3 - PublicationProtestant minorities in European States and nationsLittle attention has been paid in the recent scholarly literature to Europe's old religious conflicts - particularly those that stem from the Reformation. Yet for a long time religiously informed conflict was the principal source of internal state division and the major perceived threat to state stability and security. This article looks at the institutional changes and cultural renegotiations that allowed traditional religious oppositions, rivalries and conflicts to fade in most contemporary European societies. Focusing on the Czech, French and Irish cases, it argues that neither modernisation, democratisation nor secularisation were enough to resolve deep-set tensions. The long-term resolutions involved a restructuring of polity and nation in a way consistent with minority, as well as majority, culture. In the past - and perhaps also in the present - such opportunities were rare and demanded choice, strategy and political fortune.
252Scopus© Citations 7