Santos, JoanaJoanaSantosFoley, Shane J.Shane J.FoleyAndersson, JonasJonasAnderssonRainford, Louise A.Louise A.RainfordMcNulty, Jonathan P.Jonathan P.McNultyet al.2023-06-152023-06-152023 The A2023-04-01Insights Imaging1869-4101http://hdl.handle.net/10197/24482Purpose: To analyse the existing radiation protection (RP) education and training (E&T) capabilities in the European Union and identify associated needs, problems and challenges. Method: An online survey was disseminated via the EURAMED Rocc-n-Roll consortium network and prominent medical societies in the field of radiological research. The survey sections analyse the RP E&T during undergraduate, residency/internship and continuous professional development; RP E&T problems and legal implementation. Differences were analysed by European geographic regions, profession, years of professional experience and main area of practice/research. Results: The majority of the 550 respondents indicated that RP topics are part of undergraduate curricula in all courses for their profession and country (55%); however, hands-on practical training is not included according to 30% of the respondents. The lack of E&T, practical aspects in current E&T, and mandatory continuing E&T were considered the major problems. The legal requirement that obtained higher implementation score was the inclusion of the practical aspects of medical radiological procedures on education (86%), and lower score was obtained for the inclusion of RP E&T on medical and dental school curriculums (61%). Conclusions: A heterogeneity in RP E&T during undergraduate, residency/internship and continuous professional development is evident across Europe. Differences were noted per area of practice/research, profession, and European geographic region. A large variation in RP E&T problem rating was also obtained.enRadiation protectionEducation and trainingEuropean Basic Safety StandardsMedical exposureJournal Article1411010.1186/s13244-023-01398-62023-04-05899995https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ie/