Turner, CatherineCatherineTurnerSwaine, AislingAislingSwaine2023-03-302023-03-302023 The A2023-04International and Comparative Law Quarterly0020-5893http://hdl.handle.net/10197/24268This article presents the first feminist doctrinal textual analysis of cross-pillar synergies within thematic resolutions of the UN Security Council. Specifically, it examines the pillars of ‘participation’ and ‘protection’ under the women, peace and security agenda (WPS). In attempts to balance agency with victimhood, normative advancement of both pillars has until recently evolved along parallel tracks, with little acknowledgment of how protection relates to women’s participation. The paper identifies synergies, gaps and productive tensions as the WPS agenda begins to engage with the inter-relationship between the pillars. It outlines critical implications and considerations for any future moves towards cross-pillar congruence.enThis article has been published in a revised form in International & Comparative Law Quarterly [10.1017/S002058932300009X]. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © 2023 The Authors.GenderParticipationProtectionThematic resolutionsWomen, peace and securityPublic international lawUnited Nations Security CouncilJournal Article72247750810.1017/S002058932300009X2023-02-09https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ie/