Kim, Jong AhJong AhKimÅberg, ChristofferChristofferÅbergSalvati, AnnaAnnaSalvatiDawson, Kenneth A.Kenneth A.Dawson2012-06-212012-06-21© 2011 Nat2012-01Nature Nanotechnology1748-3387http://hdl.handle.net/10197/3695Nanoparticles are considered a primary vehicle for targeted therapies because they can pass biological barriers, enter and distribute in cells by energy-dependent pathways1-3. Until now, most studies have shown that nanoparticle properties, such as size4-6 and surface7,8, can affect how cells internalise nanoparticles. Here we show that the different phases of cell growth, which constitute the cell cycle, can also influence nanoparticle uptake. Although cells in different cell cycle phases internalised nanoparticles with similar rates, after 24 hours of uptake the concentration of nanoparticles in the cells is ranked according to the different cell cycle phases: G2/M > S > G0/G1. Nanoparticles were not exported from cells but the internalised nanoparticle concentration is split when the cell divides. Our results suggest that future studies on nanoparticle uptake should consider the cell cycle because in a cell population, the internalised nanoparticle dose in each cell varies as the cell cycles.758628 bytes199954 bytes130430 bytes585674 bytes1124614 bytes346660 bytes222208 bytes3025920 bytes238080 bytesimage/tiffimage/tiffimage/tiffimage/tiffimage/tiffapplication/vnd.ms-powerpointapplication/mswordapplication/mswordapplication/mswordenNanoparticlesCell cycleNanoparticlesNanomedicineCell cycleJournal Article71626810.1038/nnano.2011.191https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/1.0/