Evaluation and assessment of the potential of Algae as a feedstock for Energy Generation, Food & Feed and Chemical production, with specific emphasis on North West Europe and Ireland

This thesis investigates, evaluates and assesses the potential for algae as a feedstock in the areas of energy generation, food, feed and chemical production in North West Europe, with particular emphasis on Ireland. The different types of algae, species, growth influences and the properties of different algae species are investigated. The current state of both the macroalgae and microalgae industries in North West Europe are discussed, followed by an overview of the trend of the algae industry in a more developed market. The algae production technologies are discussed, covering all areas from site selection to oil extractions, with the potential markets and subsequent end products that can be produced. A technology forecast gives an insight into the future development of the algae industry, with related governmental policy issues discussed. The regulation and planning for both cultivation systems and end products are analysed, with a subsequent overview of the current economics of algae systems. An overview of the developing sustainability criteria, and a discussion of some specific sustainability issues follows. Three case studies are presented covering both microalgae and macroalgae cultivation systems. The algae industry in North West Europe was found to be in its early stages, with the current regulation, policy and economic of these systems lacking. Knowledge of the economics, sustainability and energy usage of these systems is not well understood. Further significant research is required to help develop the industry and a number of recommendations are made that could facilitate development in this area.